Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Virtualize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Virtualize - Essay Example I. Execution tuning. It turns into more entangled to screen execution. Execution screens alone can't be depended on. In the VMware condition the utilization of vSphere will be utilized. You additionally need to understand how virtual conditions deal with its assets. This arrangement is crucial on the grounds that this is the essential parts that are utilized for the virtualization and this regularly makes the framework breakdown. This is additionally significant in order to keep away from the underutilization of the server. The establishment of four superior visitor meetings will raise a server to half or 60% of the server execution. Along these lines the arranging stage is crucial advance on any Hyper-V arrangement. (Dimar, 2008) This is imperative to the association since it will give the brief look at the advantage of virtualization and the cost that will be required. This cost technique is imperative in any association to keep away from misfortunes that might be because of framework disappointment. (Pollak, 2011) I will go on with the execution of the technique of usage of a virtual foundation. This is on the grounds that the registering activities are of various locales with a server tally of in excess of 400 which is bigger number. This can expand the presentation of the organization and may build its benefit. (Pollak,

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Rhetorical Analysis Essay – “Farm Girl”

Is today’s society getting excessively careless with their youngsters? Why are guardians not giving their kids errands? What are kids lacking by not being considered responsible? What happens when kids don't have obligations at a more youthful age? My explanatory investigation is centered around the short diary â€Å"Farm Girl† from Jessica Hemauer who strikingly paints you as the peruser an image of what it resembled experiencing childhood with the ranch and the impact it had on her life. This piece is one for the masses.The way Hemauer’s memory of experiencing childhood with the homestead is composed could be for a wide scope of individuals to understand. She more than likely composed this diary for a group of people that had experienced difficult occasions or at the time are as of now experiencing occasions that are getting them down to see that those occasions don't generally need to be an awful thing; it very well may be something to be thankful for also. Wi th it being named â€Å"Farm Girl†, being so natural to follow and a fascinating piece to peruse Hemauer pulled in unmistakably more than she intended.It could be perused by anybody that is intrigued about what it resembles experiencing childhood with a ranch or what tasks may accomplish for their kid and a lot more also. In the audience’s face directly from the asking with exceptional subtleties, Hemauer has the consideration of the peruser, on the grounds that such as myself, most people in today’s world couldn’t even understand needing to get up nor waking their multi year old kid up at 5 A. M. Her utilization of enthusiastic subtleties in the clarification of the fact that it is so difficult to get up and how regardless of whether she is to contend with her dad it won’t go anyplace causes the peruser to feel sorry for her.Though it is normal spot for her kin and herself they don’t appreciate doing it as portrayed by Jessica â€Å"As we dress, not a solitary word is verbally expressed on the grounds that we as a whole vibe a similar way, â€Å"I loathe this! †Ã¢â‚¬ (Hemauer, 2011, p. 113). Without this clarification from her, a great many people could sensibly suspect that a gathering of youngsters could never be eager about waking right on time to accomplish chip away at a ranch nor any work whatsoever for that matter.Hemauer at that point proceeds to portray their obligations on the homestead before going to class, how she feels at school when she has nothing to discuss at lunch and how she longs to be associated with sports and clubs at school â€Å"not having the option to take an interest in school exercises like my companions causes me to feel forgot about and depressed† (Hemauer, 2011, p. 115). Speaking to the peruser morally Hemauer communicates what an enormous bit of children in school need to do and be a piece of cause they get the chance to invest more energy with companions and be a piec e of an option that could be greater than themselves.Finally, Hemauer is permitted to take an interest in ball yet should at present total her errands which she is happy to agree to â€Å"In eighth grade I truly need to play b-ball, and in the wake of asking and begging my folks, they at long last say I can join the group as long as I keep on assisting with tasks toward the beginning of the prior day school and after practice† (Hemauer, 2011, p. 115). In spite of the fact that it is extreme and makes her nod off in classes now and again, she figures out how to do both. Fortunately, just for a brief timeframe, at that point her dad chooses to recruit help because of the ranch becoming so enormous and acknowledging how much his kids have surrendered over the years.Though at the time it is obscure to her how the experience had influenced her life, later she thinks about the grown-up she became on account of it â€Å"Each day of my life there are times when I ponder back to work ing the farm† (Hemauer, 2011, p. 117). How Hemauer passes on her diary and thinks back on her youth, gives us how important errands can be to a kid regardless of the amount they detest doing them. A huge percent of today’s youth does not have the drive or desire to push their selves since they dissimilar to Hemauer have not had the obligations of such size nor any gave to them. In prior ages, kids and young people were given important chances to be dependable by contributing not exclusively to their families yet additionally to their bigger communities,† said Markella Rutherford, partner educator of humanism at Wellesley College in Massachusetts and creator of the new investigation, Children's Autonomy and Responsibility: An Analysis of Child Rearing Advice (Lack of family unit tasks making kids less mindful, claims overview, 2009). Tasks used to be the accepted practice and without them a youngster passes up learning significant fundamental abilities. Tasks permi t youngsters an early and supported chance to encounter obligation. Freedom and independence in life are tied, eventually, to authority of two sorts of obligation: moral duty and social responsibility† (Rowland, 2000, Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter, 16(6), 1). Despite the fact that it can said commonly, various ways that errands can help your youngster it is additionally said that you ought to never request that your kid accomplish something cap you yourself wouldn’t do and they ought to be utilized by occupied guardians to invest greater quality energy with their kid. Basically helping both the kid develop from the duties and permitting the parent to invest more energy with the youngster. References Jessica Hemauer (2011) Farm Girl. In Roen, D, Glau, and Maid,B (Eds) The McGraw-Hill Guide Writing for school, Writing forever. (Pg. 113-117) Boston, MH: Mcgraw Hill P. Barrett, R. (2000). Alloted errands help show social, moral obligation. Earthy col ored University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter, 16(6), 1.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

NLP

Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is a method of sorting out and understanding the structure of abstract understanding and is worried about the manners by which individuals process data yet not really with the particular substance of that data. Data is prepared essentially in three modes: visual, sound-related, and sensation. The tangible modalities utilized in a given assignment and their succession are basic to the exhibition of that task. People who are very gifted at an undertaking will have drastically unique preparing arrangements than the individuals who perform ineffectively on that equivalent assignment. Understanding the structure by which the talented individual procedures data, through the perception of eye checking designs and semantic examples, permits programs (like PC programs) to be classified, which can be educated to different people (Andreas, 1996). Created in 1975 by Richard Bandler, a mathematician, and John Grinder, an etymologist, NLP has been clinically shown as a ground-breaking innovation for inducing change. From their investigations Bandler and Grinder created aptitudes of displaying that permit one individual to recognize in a particular manner the basic components of another's conduct and to instruct that structure to yet a third individual (Andreas, 1996). Gregory Bateson proposed four sensible degrees of learning. The main level is the degree of substance, and this is the level at which a great many people spend their lives. Here one figures out how to tie one's shoes, cook a supper, drive a vehicle, etc. A few people become familiar with second-level learning: the learning of setting, or figuring out how to learn. Individuals who work at the second intelligent degree of learning may quickly become familiar with any new substance explicit territory, since they are equipped for traveling through the learning procedure in a proficient, powerful way. In uncommon cases, people may ascend to the third intelligent degree of learning, the learning of how to learn setting. For this situation one is working at a degree of logical example acknowledgment; one can undoubtedly distinguish and work on the structure of any understanding. It is at this level Bandler and Grinder work when they are displaying (or instructing demonstrating to) somebody. Bateson saved his fourth class of learning for those practiced people like yogis and Zen aces. One NLP strategy is mooring which is utilized to portray a procedure by which memory and its reactions become related with some upgrade. This happens when the stay leads by reflex to the secured reaction happening. The improvement can be impartial or out of cognizant mindfulness. The reaction might be either negative or positive. Stays are like traditional molding (Ready, 2004). The way toward disturbing an example of thought from one that prompts an undesirable conduct to one that prompts an ideal conduct is known as washing. Another procedure is reframing in which a component of correspondence is introduced in order to move an individual’s view of the implications related with words. Reframing is characterized as a procedure where a component of correspondence is introduced to move the individual’s impression of implications or casings. A six-advance reframe recognizes a basic goal and resulting conduct to accomplish expectations by various and fruitful conduct. Nature is worried about the connection between a customer and their surroundings. It additionally is concerned how a proposed objective or change may identify with their connections and their condition (Ready, 2004). NLP offers numerous strategies for disposing of addictions. A powerful procedure is known as the â€Å"swish† design. Utilizing this technique, a person’s oblivious will naturally utilize contrary, enslavement delivering mental pictures, to make loosening up mental pictures. Addictions can be relieved in NLP since it is a type of ‘near waking state' entrancing. In NLP we can ‘adjust' our inside tactile portrayals making them all the more remarkable. NLP likewise causes us to demonstrate great conduct. Securing is a ground-breaking strategy for battling addictions. In this particularly one takes the long, full breath and to contact the tongue to the top of the mouth simultaneously. This sets up an association between the sensorised mental symbol and the physical demonstration of contacting the top of your mouth with the tongue just as taking that full breath (Lankton, 2004). In NLP it is perceived that people all code time in various manners. Every individual has his own psychological courses of events. The past is spoken to in some right-handers speak to eventually route towards their left. It is conceivable to utilize NLP strategies to control inward tangible portrayals. Negative inside tangible portrayals like addictions. Addictions can likewise be expelled by being moved further go into the past along the course of events. This helps change the present and future attitude of the customer according to the first inside tangible portrayal. This outcomes in past injuries being decreased. Addictions can be treated by furnishing the client with a reaction alternative that is all the more impressive, available and quick than the medication itself. Another technique is the impulse victory which explains yearnings. Another technique is the blame goals process which is utilized for tidy up of inspirations and auxiliary addition (Lankton, 2004). One of the best techniques is the six stage reframe which works by utilizing help from the oblivious brain. The procedure has been reprimanded for dividing the character (Sterman, 2004). This methodology comes to down to get to a degree of experience that is useful to divert cognizant and oblivious energies a focal way. In the event that a positive encounter is organized it will contend effectively against a difficult state. The contending encounters must have esteem and demonstrate towards a superior positive future. The cerebrum comprises of a labyrinth of circuits. Positive and negative influence are commonly dependant on one another. All together for a positive effect to have greatest impact, it must be created for managing an issue. An essential program is the way toward securing. Members are educated to grapple expresses that are without content. During the way toward making and mooring the express a wide range of relevant data is decreased. As of late science has given us understanding on the issues of compulsion and substance misuse. These explores have found a cozy connection between illicit drug habits, conduct addictions, impulses and progressively typical examples of remuneration and inspiration. Medication and social addictions are issues identified with needing. The component of needing is intervened by neurons in the midbrain that produce dopamine on to be set on a daze. NLP is an incredible procedure to battle addictions and conduct. There are numerous instances of NLP assisting individuals experiencing substance misuse and addictions. References: Andreas, Steve (1996). NLP: The New Technology of Achievement. US: Harper Paperbacks. Prepared, Romilla (2004). Neuro-Linguistic Programming for Dummies. US: For Dummies . Lankton, Stephen R. (2004). Functional Magic:: A Translation of Basic Neuro-Linguistic Programming Into Clinical Psychotherapy . US: Crown House Publishing. Sterman, Chelly M., Ed. (2004). Neuro-Linguistic Programming in Alcoholism Treatment. US: Haworth Press.                         Â

Critically evaluate the concept of human security Essay

Fundamentally assess the idea of human security - Essay Example The first considers the insurance of human rights and the subsequent one spotlights on the security of people from financial, ecological, social and different types of dangers and focuses on the prosperity of man’s in general vocation; a component of social equity is obvious in this origination (Williams 2008, p. 231). The third and most questionable origination considers human security in an a lot more extensive manner guaranteeing the endurance and soundness of people. It watches the idea in a worldwide point of view and subjects, for example, worldwide monetary status, impacts of globalization and soundness of the earth are considered as the basic components of human security. This paper attempts to make a basic assessment of the idea of human security and in doing so the paper considers the different parts of human security and related issues. The idea of Human Security: Debates and Definitions All the three originations of human security cleared path for reactions and the greater part of the ongoing discussions are formed by the more extensive origination of human security. ... idea of human security in a wide manner and that is â€Å"the nonappearance of dangers to different center human values† while Alkire (2002) holds that â€Å"the target of human security is to shield the imperative center of every single human life from basic unavoidable dangers, and to do as such without looming long haul human flourishing† (Quoted in Williams 2008, p. 231). Alkire’s definition is by all accounts increasingly positive in nature. Be that as it may, a progressively complete definition is offered by the Commission on Human Security and the report of the Commission sees human security as ‘protecting basic freedoms’-â€Å"protecting individuals structure basic (serious) and inescapable (across the board) dangers and circumstances. It implies utilizing process that expand on people’s quality and desires. It implies making political, social ecological, financial, military and social frameworks that together give individuals the str ucture squares of survival† (Williams 2008, p. 231). Despite the fact that there are different definitions and understandings of the idea of human security, there are numerous who hold that the state-focused way to deal with human security should give path for a progressively extensive individuals focused way to deal with security. Tadjbakhsh, in this regard, sees that â€Å"there is agreement among its backers that there ought to be a move of consideration from a state-focused to a people-focused way to deal with security, that worry with the security of state outskirts should offer approach to worry with the security of the individuals who live inside those borders† (Tadjbakhsh 2006, p. 5). In this manner, it tends to be induced that an individual focused human security model accept the wellbeing of the person as the way to worldwide security and any aggravations to the wellbeing of the individual would hence influence the universal

Friday, August 21, 2020

Coprolites - Fossil Feces as a Scientific Study

Coprolites - Fossil Feces as a Scientific Study Coprolite (plural coprolites) is the specialized term for saved human (or creature) defecation. Protected fossil defecation are a captivating report in paleohistory, in that they give direct proof of what an individual creature or human ate. A classicist can discover dietary stays away pits, midden stores, and inside stone or clay vessels, however materials found inside human fecal issue are clear and unrefutable proof that a specific nourishment was expended. Key Takeaways: Coprolites Coprolites are fossilized or saved human or creature defecation, and the focal point of logical research since the 1950s. Studied substance incorporate plant and creature stays, intestinal parasites and vermin, and DNA. Depending on the setting they are found in, coprolites give data about the eating routine and soundness of an individual vertebrate or a community. Two different classes of the logical investigation of fertilizer are sewage or cesspit stores, and intestinal or gut contents.â Coprolites are a universal component of human life, however they protect best in dry gives in and rock shields and are infrequently found in sand hills, dry soils, and bog edges. They contain proof of diet and means, yet they likewise can contain data about sickness and pathogens, sex, and antiquated DNA, proof in a way that isn't promptly accessible somewhere else. Three Classes In the investigation of human waste, there are commonly three classes of saved fecal remains that are found archeologically: sewage, coprolites, and intestinal substance. Sewage or Cess, including privy pits or toilets, cesspits, sewers, and channels, contain to a great extent combined collections of human excrement with kitchen and other natural and inorganic squanders. At the point when they are discovered very much saved, especially when water-logged, cess stores give significant data on the network or family diet and living conditions.Coprolites are singular fossil or subfossil dung, safeguarded through scorching, mineralization, or found as dried up tests in caverns and incredibly dry spots. Each example gives proof to nourishments eaten by an individual, and whenever found in a lavatory territory can likewise uncover network wide diets.Intestinal or Gut Contents alludes to safeguarded human stays found inside the digestion tracts of all around saved human or creature bodies. These are of the most estimation of the three for an investigation of an individual, since they are basically uncontaminated remains which hold data on at generally a couple of dinners, indeed, the last supper that the individual expended. Gut substance are generally uncommon revelations, discovered just when entire people are saved, on account of characteristic or (if not very broad) social embalmment, freezing or freeze-drying (for instance, Otzi the Tyrolean Iceman), or waterlogging, (for example, European Iron Age marsh bodies). Content A human or creature coprolite can contain a different scope of organic and mineral materials. Plant stays found in fossil dung incorporate mostly processed seeds, natural products, and organic product parts, dust, starch grains, phytoliths, diatoms, consumed organics (charcoal), and little plant pieces. Creature parts incorporate tissue, bones, and hair. Different sorts of items found in fecal issue incorporate intestinal parasites or their eggs, creepy crawlies, or bugs. Parasites, specifically, recognize how the individual put away nourishment; the nearness of coarseness could be proof of nourishment preparing strategies; and consumed nourishment and charcoal is proof of cooking methods. Studies on Steroids Coprolite considers are now and then alluded to as microhistology, however they incorporate a wide scope of themes: paleo diet, paleo-pharmacology (the investigation of old meds), paleoenvironment and regularity; natural chemistry, atomic examination, palynology, paleobotany, paleozoology, and old DNA. Those examinations necessitate that the excrement be rehydrated, utilizing a fluid (regularly a water arrangement of tri-sodium phosphate) to reconstitute the defecation, lamentably additionally including the scents. At that point the reconstituted material is inspected under definite light and electron magnifying lens investigation, just as exposed to radiocarbon dating, DNA examination, full scale and small scale fossil investigations and different investigations of inorganic substance. Coprolite considers have additionally incorporated the examinations of substance, immunological protein, steroids (which decide sex), and DNA contemplates, notwithstanding phytoliths, dust, parasites, green growth, and infections. Exemplary Coprolite Studies Hinds Cave, a dry stone sanctuary in southwest Texas which had been utilized as a toilet for tracker gatherers around 6,000 years back contained a few stores of excrement, 100 examples of which were gathered by excavator Glenna Williams-Dean in the late 1970s. The information Dean gathered during her Ph.D. examine have been considered and broke down by ages of researchers since that time. Dignitary herself ran pioneer exploratory antiquarianism contemplates utilizing understudies to give test fecal issue emerging from archived dietary info, an unmatched informational collection even today. Staples perceived in the Hinds Cave included agave, opuntia, and allium; regularity considers demonstrated that the dung had been saved between winter-late-winter and summer. One of the most punctual found bits of trustworthy proof for pre-Clovis destinations in North America was from coprolites found at Paisley 5 Mile Point Caves in Oregon state. The recuperation of 14 coprolites was accounted for in 2008, the most established separately radiocarbon dated to 12,300 RCYBP (14,000 schedule years back). Tragically, every one of them were debased by the excavators, however a few included old DNA and other hereditary markers for Paleoindian individuals. Most as of late, biomarkers found in the soonest dated example recommend it was not human all things considered, despite the fact that Sistiaga and partners had no clarification for the nearness of Paleoindian mtDNA inside it. Other tenable pre-Clovis destinations have been found since that time. History of the Study The most significant advocate of examination into coprolites was Eric O. Callen (1912â€1970), a dissident Scottish botanist intrigued by plant pathologies. Callen, with a Ph.D. in organic science from Edinburgh, filled in as a plant pathologist at McGill University and in the mid 1950s, one of his associates was Thomas Cameron (1894â€1980), an individual from the parasitology workforce. In 1951, excavator Junius Bird (1907â€1982) visited McGill. A couple of years preceding his visit, Bird had found coprolites at the site of Huaca Prieta de Chicama in Peru and gathered a couple of fecal examples from the digestive organs of a mummy found at the site. Winged animal gave the examples to Cameron and approached him to look for proof of human parasites. Callen educated of the examples and requested a couple of tests of his own to contemplate, to search for hints of organisms that taint and devastate maize. In their article relating Callans significance to the microhistology, American archeologists Vaughn Bryant and Glenna Dean bring up how astounding it is this absolute first investigation of old human coprolites was led by two researchers with no conventional preparing in human sciences. Callans job in the spearheading study incorporated the distinguishing proof of an appropriate rehydration process, despite everything utilized today: a frail arrangement of trisodium phosphate utilized by zoologists in comparative investigations. His exploration was essentially confined to perceptible investigations of the remaining parts, however the examples contained a wide assortment of macrofossils that mirrored the old eating routine. Callan, who kicked the bucket directing examination at Pikimachay, Peru in 1970, is credited with imagining strategies and advancing the investigation when microhistology was demonized as strange research. Chosen Sources Bryant, Vaughn M., and Glenna W. Senior member. Archeological Coprolite Science: The Legacy of Eric O. Callen (1912â€1970). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 237.1 (2006): 51â€66. Print.Camacho, Morgana, et al. Recouping Parasites from Mummies and Coprolites: An Epidemiological Approach. Parasites Vectors 11.1 (2018): 248. Print.Chaves, Sã ©rgio Augusto de Miranda, and Karl J. Reinhard. Basic Analysis of Coprolite Evidence of Medicinal Plant Use, Piauã ­, Brazil. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 237.1 (2006): 110â€18. Print.Dean, Glenna W. The Science of Coprolite Analysis: The View from Hinds Cave. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 237.1 (2006): 67â€79. Print.Reinhard, Karl J., et al. Understanding the Pathoecological Relationship between Ancient Diet and Modern Diabetes through Coprolite Analysis: A Case Example from Antelope Cave, Mojave County, Arizona. Current Anthropology 53.4 (2012): 506â€12. Print.Wood, Jamie R ., and Janet M. Wilmshurst. A Protocol for Subsampling Late Quaternary Coprolites for Multi-Proxy Analysis. Quaternary Science Reviews 138 (2016): 1â€5. Print.

Thursday, August 20, 2020

Travelling to Bitch Planet with Non-Compliance in my Heart

Travelling to Bitch Planet with Non-Compliance in my Heart Sometimes- and I figure I’m not the only one who feels this way- you start reading a story and within two sentences, you know that it’s a winner. It fits your thinking like a glove and sticks in your head for hours. Thats what happened the first time I read  Bitch Planet. I’m not a comics person. In my time, I’ve read the occasional longer graphic novel (Maus, My Friend Dahmer, Palestine) but I’ve never settled into a series of comics- I’m not entirely sure why. I suspect it’s because I grew up in a small city with limited access to comics in a time when dial up was a thing and my parents allowed me 15 minutes online each night (ahhhhh, nostalgia!) Also, Im incredibly impatient (more on this later, ironically). My boyfriend- a fully grown comics aficionado, complete with armfuls of superhero tattoos- handed me a bundle of comics a few months ago and said “Youll like these.” He had handed me eight issues of Bitch Planet, which has been discussed and recommended on this site (and many others), but I had missed them entirely. I read the lot in the space of a day and  grab new ones from him when he picks them up. Let me tell you, I am absolutely besotted. The concept, of women imprisoned for rejecting the status quo, is nothing new, but the expression of it in Bitch Planet is wonderful. Even though we’re talking about a futuristic world where other planets have been colonised, it doesn’t seem even moderately unrealistic that women would be held captive, given the constant barrage of judgements laid down on women in the 21st century. Bitch Planet is feminism unbound and unafraid- it’s a feminism that understands and accepts trans women, black women, Asian women, gay women, straight women- all women. It’s a feminism that comprehends the larger picture: we women are all in this together. We may not like each other sometimes, and we have our own prejudices to address- but our disunity serves only the regimes that imprison us. I was only a few pages in when I recognised myself as ‘non-compliant’- unable (and unwilling) to bow down to any patriarchy. A few more pages passed and I realised just about every woman I know is non-compliant. We are legion. The difficulty with a story like Bitch Planet is that small installments aren’t enough. The waiting is killing my soul. How do frequent comic readers cope with these constant cliffhangers and moments of suspense?! My impatience has the potential to ruin the story for me, just because one slice at a time is never enough. I find myself going back through the pages again, enjoying the essays at the back and falling in love with the clever ads and placements on the back covers- these comics are saturated with a sharp, dry wit. Bitch Planet’s writer, Kelly Sue DeConnick, has drafted a diverse series of characters, dealing bluntly with the permanent suffering of women. The constant barrage of fat-shaming in the world feels lessened when one character’s ‘ideal version’ of herself is her, exactly as she looks and is. She is enough, all on her own. I live in London and ‘makeup for the gym’ has recently become a thing here, so this one floored me- any story with that kind of heart is a story for me. There’s more though. DeConnick and artist  Valentine De Landro set out to represent every type of woman and the intersectionality is wonderful. It is a pure delight to see a story where women with multiple expressions are core to a story, and where their struggles are no less worthy than anyone else’s. I realise that intersectionality needs more time to become properly mainstreamed in our books, but work like Bitch Planet pushes every creator to do better when representing women. I know that many readers have found Bitch Planet something of a hard read. There’s a lot of truth in there about the female experience, from sexual and physical violence, brutality and cruelty to snide, regressive comments and judgements. It all feels a little close to home, for something that’s supposed to be a dystopian creation. That realisation, when it came to me, was a little disconcerting. All of a sudden, the Gilead of Margaret Atwood’s Handmaid’s Tale felt less like fiction and more like threat. These stories are important. Kam, Penny, and the non-compliant residents of Bitch Planet are in a prime place to shine a light on the dark burden of misogyny that seems, if anything, to grow with each passing year. Here’s to non-compliance. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you.

Saturday, May 30, 2020

The Immortalists Book Review for College

The Immortalists Review and Truth About the Book Immortalist by Chloe Benjamin is a novel of sweeping ambition and fiendish poignancy. Aptly titled, the book grapples with the matters of life and death as well as an expiry date ending the latter and initiating the former. Benjamin is keenly aware of the inherent sorrow underlying one’s failure to cheat mortality, and she is not ashamed to explore it in a gimmicky premise of her novel. In a sweltering summer of 1969, the Gold children – four siblings – gain a preview of their death. A Romany woman uses clairvoyant powers to predict the exact dates the siblings will die. And thus, the bittersweet novel starts unfolding. It relentlessly draws the readers inside the sticky, humid New York of yore and the cold future that is about to happen. In this reviews and discussion of the Immortalists book, I will argue that the absorbing novel milks the puzzling notions of uncertainty and fate to prepare its readers for a vicarious death experience, which makes the read terr ifyingly liberating. Buy Book Reports Online The Immortalists Analysis and Questions Everyone has dreamt of immortality. This much is certain. Everyone has realized the futility of the heady dream. This is also clear. But how does a person react when they see their death coming a mile off? Benjamin’s tackling of the doomy subject and the ensuing fame attest to the fact that the readers are interested in this kind of questions and answers. This notwithstanding, the rousing read is short on answers. It is up to the audience to make heads or tails of the themes and ideas laid out in the book. As such, the novel can be regarded as a whimsical quiz for book club discussion testing the readers’ ability to answer difficult questions, some of which might not even have been posed. What is it about? I believe that The Immortalists is about personal transformation inevitably following the dissolution of uncertainty. Benjamin nodes to the notion of destiny when she presents the group of children with spoilers – exact dates of their death. By revealing the gr uesome ending, the author removes the veil of uncertainty, thereby forcing her protagonists to shiver, panic, and, above all, change. When ending explained, there is nothing left but to change. What is the point of Immortalists book characters’ life if they have no recourse but to inch slowly to the center of the target drawn by destiny itself? Understanding this, the Gold siblings try to escape the fortuneteller’s ominous prophecies by altering the course and meaning of their life. As one could have guessed, it is not easy to pry open the relentless jaws of fate. The death-defying ambition driving the protagonists becomes their downfall, which often brings the Immortalists comparison to Frankenstein. Is the Immortalists a teen book? Hardly. Yet any teenager would be better off reading it. The Immortalists study guide on vicissitudes and certainties of life, which is recommended to anyone who is about to make important choices. Get Essay on The Immortalists Book Characters in the Immortalists What happens in the Immortalists hits unsuspecting readers in the left prefrontal cortex making them feel happy, and then delivers multiple stinging punches right to the amygdala dumping them in the abyss of sadness. The author throws a vibrant description of the city here and a lurid sex scene there to warm her way under the readers’ skin. Being caught in the florid details of the characters’ life, one stops worrying how do each die and starts living with them. But each death date has been predestined. When the first character – Simon – is getting crossed off a list, readers start feeling the cold undercurrent of the novel. Benjamin leaves them wondering: â€Å"Does Simon get AIDS in the Immortalists?† Then, the emotional piquancy of the novel spikes again when its plot veers toward the story of Klara magic obsessed character. How does Klara die in the Immortalists? Being a magician, the character thought that â€Å"there must be a loophole, a sec ret trapdoor.† Klara’s solution was to kill herself. She died. The readers participated in a magic trick: the abyss of sadness had a false bottom; they kept reading and kept falling. Daniel death was another trapdoor. There are many decent quotes from the Immortalists, but one that can be used in the stead of chapter summaries is provided by Daniel. It seems that he is the only Gold who realizes that â€Å"most people enjoy a certain level of impotence. But [†¦] we do have control – so much that it scares us to death.† The writer does not want to challenge his assumption. She immerses the readers into the rich story of Varya, as well as her relationships with Frida and Luke, only to let the reins go and end the book. She no longer controls the story – the readers do. It is up to them to decide how Varya die even if it scares them to death. Why is The Immortalists so Good? Is Critique Unwarranted? The novel has garnered largely positive feedback. Some literature connoisseurs have carped that Benjamin’s book is overrated and ridiculed it for being excessively metaphorical and mawkish. However, the novel’s success indicates that nobody has taken these unwarranted cavils to heart. It can be argued that the American readership was unswayed by the criticism because everyone enjoyed Benjamin’s candor and lightness of hand. And these two are the key ingredients in the ‘suspension of disbelief’ spell. The Immortalists gives the spellbound audience a chance to experience a vicarious and plausible death, which makes the book so imminently great and terrifying. Pay to Have a Book Review Done

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Management and Welcome Speech - 1125 Words

http://www.wikihow.com/Say-a-Speech-Without-Getting-Nervousgfjkjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkfkigftytu- y  « Study and create flashcards for free at Cram.com Sign In | Sign Up StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers Book Notes Essays Book Notes AP Notes Citation Generator More Welcome Speech For The Business Meeting Essays and Term Papers Advanced Search Documents 1 - 20 of 919 Hi Welcome Speech Welcome Speech Good morning respected dignitaries, faculty members, my dear friends and lovely juniors. It’s my pleasure to be over here taking responsibility to share my views with you people. I feel proud to join this college which has well esteemed†¦show more content†¦Martin and Lillian H. Chaney Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Martin, Jeanette S. Global business etiquette : a guide to international communication and Premium 68225 Words 273 Pages Business Letters cover next page Page iii THE McGRAW-HILL HANDBOOK OF MORE BUSINESS LETTERS Ann Poe McGraw-Hill New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogotà ¡ Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto title: author: publisher: isbn1 Premium 58550 Words 235 Pages Fm Speech on Gst GST Council not to Disturb or Alter Primacy of Legislature in the area of Taxation: FM Finance Minister’s Address at meeting with Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers 18th August 2010 The Union Finance Minister Shri Pranab Mukherjee had a meeting with the Empowered Committee Premium 1952 Words 8 Pages Doing Business Internationally DOING BUSINESS INTERNATIONALLY DOING BUSINESS INTERNATIONALLY The Guide to Cross-Cultural Success Second Edition Danielle Medina Walker Thomas Walker Joerg Schmitz McGraw-Hill New York Chicago SanShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Mining As A Business Opportunities For Investment In Cameroon729 Words   |  3 Pagespaper is a speech I presented to a group of international visitors from Saudi Arabia in 2017. The purpose of the speech was to inform them of the potential and the advantages of investing in the financial sector and particularly the microfinance sector in Cameroon. Purely a Muslim country. So, this presentation will consider the social custom of the Kingdom. I all did ensure my presentation finish well ahead of prayer time. All local participants were informed to dress decently. Speech to containRead MoreAnchoring: the Convocation and Chief Guest2176 Words   |  9 PagesHounour , Padmashri. Dr. Pritam Singh, Professor of Eminence, Managem ent Development Institute,   Gurgaon, have just entered the hall. (AFTER THE MEMBERS OF THE PROCESSION HAVE TAKEN THEIR SEATS) Thank you ladies and Gentlemen, you may please be seated. Radha: Ladies and Gentlemen, a very good evening to one and all. It gives me immense pleasure to welcome you all to the 16th Snathak, the convocation of the **** ****** Institute of Management. This   is a much awaited event in every students life, as  Read MoreDifferent Theories Of Communication, Leadership, And Interpersonal Relations Within The Context Of A Toastmasters Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers would take notes about each one separately. Time reports were performed and then members voted on which of the three was the most effective speech performance. The third part of this event was the evaluation of each speaker for the night. This was considered the â€Å"educational† part of the meeting as it involved analyzing which part of each speech went well, and which parts could be improved and how. Three members were chosen to speak their thoughts about the speeches and the speakers. For exampleRead MoreFormal Meeting Guide For Two Nz Cultures Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesgroup of people. It’s been used as early 1846. †¢ HapÃ… « greet and welcome visitors may differ from another’s. However, both will ensure that they meet their responsibilities of manaakitanga (hospitality) to host and care for their visitors. †¢ Karanga is a unique form of female oratory in which women bring a range of imagery and cultural expression to the first calls of welcome (and response) in the pÃ… whiri. †¢ WhaikÃ… rero or formal speech making follows the karanga. Some of the best MÄ ori language orationsRead MoreThe Asean And The Private Sector1455 Words   |  6 Pagesin pulling up its status in markets where they lack sources or technologies, and promote fair competition in markets where they excel. Steven Groff, ADB Vice President for Operations, described the ASEAN Economic Community aptly. In his keynote speech at the German Business Association-AEC, he explained that â€Å"the AEC is a multi-track process, with its scope and speed very much dependent upon national conditions. Consequently, ASEAN’s traditional way of ‘making haste slowly’—as one ASEAN founderRead MoreFollowership For A Group Of International Visitors From Saudi Arabia1003 Words   |  5 PagesThe Followership The topic of my speech is â€Å"The Followership†. My speech is speech to inform to share the concept of followership for a group of international visitors from Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, manages tend to be very instructional in their approach. Subordinates view it as the boss’s role to take decisions and to convey those decisions down the chain for implementation (World Business Culture, n.d.). The concept of followership has a very important part to play and vital role in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Comers School Development Program1191 Words   |  5 Pagesor teams, that bring together the key players within the school activities; parents program, the mental health team, and the school planning and management team. This program succeeds for two major reasons: it focuses on children s development, and supports a change in the school culture. It addresses their total development, not just their speech, language, or intelligence. Children attend school throughout a significant portion of their early lives. The schools mission must then be inline withRead MoreConflict over Leadership Change in an Organization: A Study1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is different to the old and where previously the employees and people of the organization were used to one style, they now had to face another. Paradoxically, as Callister Wall (1997) point out, conflict is not totally negative. Some even welcome it as a change of direction and spurring of energy to learn new things. Conflict can also be seen as a situation where one party feels that his or her autonomy and independence is threatened by another individual. It is quite conceivable that a changeRead MoreThe Integration Of Social Studies885 Words   |  4 Pagesself-development in a social context. Which should start in the classroom and the people in it, however keeping in mind that the child’s social sense started through their family interactions. I believe that is crucial for all children to feel welcome to the classroom, therefore is important to create a comfortable learning environment. The classroom should provide children opportunities for them to learn and engage in learning experiences. However in order to create a rich educational environmentRead MoreEvolving Practice Of Nursing And Patient Care Delivery Models977 Words   |  4 PagesEvolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models. Speech To my fellow nurses. You are welcome to our professional nurse evolution summit. The United health care system is changing with the nursing profession. Health care cost has doubled, if not tripled in the recent years. The American population is ageing and diseases are becoming more complex. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is one thing that will lead to change worldwide. With signing the PPACA into law, approximately

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Pronounce the Spanish R

The Spanish letter R is easy to pronounce but is often mispronounced by English speakers. Here are some tips for getting it right. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: 10 minutes Heres How: Keep in mind that there are two R sounds in Spanish: the single R sound and the double R (or RR) sound.Keep in mind that the single R sound is used whenever the single R appears in a word, except when its at the beginning of a word or after an L, N or S, when the RR sound is used.Keep in mind that the Spanish R doesnt have the distinctive R sound of English. Think of it as a separate letter entirely.Remember that the single R is pronounced with a single flap of the tongue against the roof of mouth.Say these words rapidly as you would if they were English words, and with the accent on the first syllable: peddo, pahdah, cahdah.Congratulate yourself. You have approximately pronounced the Spanish words pero (but), para (for) and cara (face).Note similarly that in English many words that have T or TT between vowels have the same sound, which is different than the T in today. Examples are cattle, bitter and attic.Practice using the same sound in other positions. For example, to say primo ( cousin), rapidly say pdee-mo, but pronounce the d by hitting your tongue against the roof of your mouth.Again congratulate yourself. Youre on your way to learning this sound.You can hear the r pronounced by native speakers in our audio lesson on pronouncing the r . Words spoken in that lesson are pero (but), caro (expensive), primo (cousin), tres (three), seà ±or (Mr.) and hablar (to speak).You can also get advice from About.com readers on pronouncing the r. Tips: Try to imitate the sound of the R as it is pronounced by native speakers.Dont even be tempted to pronounce the R as it is pronounced in English.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Sci 275 Final Project - 1255 Words

Sci 275 Annajane Schnapp Final project: Mitigation Plan Energy Conservation/ Non-renewable energy sources Energy has easily become one of the most important necessities for our everyday lives. Without it we would simply not be able to have transportation or be able to gather any of our other resources that we depend on. If at anytime our energy supply ceases or no longer attainable the results may be horrific. However, it is quite easy to keep this from happening, It is crucial that our current population realize the importance of sustaining our present non-renewable resources. An examination of all the present energy issues and human impacts of energy conservation along with the a resource plan will show importance of energy†¦show more content†¦His administration insists that with these new rules going into an effect will cut emissions of carbon dioxide and other deadly gases by thirty percent between the years 2012-2016 (Baker,2010). Unfortunately Obama’s new policy will only help conserve for the next six years. The following resource plan will not only help do the same but will hopefully have the same if not better results even farther into the future. |Action Items |Action Steps |Timeline | |(in the correct order) | | | |Scientists conduct more research on |.Environmentalists gather to present current findings on air pollution and|Month 1-3 | |air pollution and current gasoline and|future hazards. | | |other fossil fuel emissions. | | | |Develop an education program about air|Develop a presentation about why this program is needed and include air |Month 1-3 | |pollution effects and other fossil |pollution’s ill effects, the lifestyle changes that will be required, and | | |fuel emissions. |the benefits and challenges of change.Show MoreRelatedSci 275 Week 9, Final Project Mitigation Strategies and Solutions1997 Words   |  8 Pages|Final Project: Mitigation Strategies and Solutions | | | | | |Your Name Here Read MoreSci 275 Couse Syllabus1980 Words   |  8 PagesI 275Course Design Guide SCI/275 Version 5 1 Syllabus Axia College/College of Natural Sciences SCI/275 Version 5 Environmental Science Copyright  © 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course focuses on the causes of, impacts of, and solutions to environmental issues. Students identify global environmental issues as well as develop and critique environmental action plans. Topics include ecosystems, energy, populations, resourcesRead MoreDifferentiation Of Cyclic Tertiary Amine Cathinone Derivatives4413 Words   |  18 PagesCDN Isotopes, Pointe Claire, Quebec, Canada. The synthetic methods needed to prepare the various isomeric and homologous aminoketones in this study are well established in the chemical literature and in our laboratory. The procedures used in this project were those reported by Kavanagh et al [17]. These desired compounds were prepared from the substituted benzaldehydes via a 4-step synthetic procedure. The condensation of alkylmagnesium halides (Grignard reagents) with the individual 2,3- or 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehydeRead MoreResearch Awareness Essay examples5838 Words   |  24 Pagesproved difficult to ascertain w hat some articles were about. Also, the format of the search result entries was not uniform and therefore it proved difficult to attempt to list these entries in a ‘Harvard reference’ style of format. For my 5th and final attempt to find a suitable article I again used the online resource ‘summon’ facility. My search term used was again ‘respect and dignity adolescent communication’, as I had used in my previous ‘Google’ search. This search produced 9699 results,Read MoreLetter to Là ³real Canada Regarding Avoiding Animal Testing2492 Words   |  10 Pagesbusiness practices and protect the rights of animals. Therefore our focus should be on making our cosmetic products cruelty-free. In Canada it is not required for cosmetic products to be tested on animals to ensure their safety, and although many of our final products are not tested on animals, the ingredients within the product may have been tested on animals. (CFHS, 2014) Since regulation for animal testing in cosmetic industry is not strong in Canada, we at L’Orà ©al Canada should go above and beyond thoseRead MoreEssay on Quality Health Care7187 Words   |  29 Pagesperform ance. The author excluded from the review studies of delegation where managers relinquished all influence to their subordinates, studies of consultation where subordinates were involved in idea generation but were not involved in selecting the final idea, and more comprehensive and extensive programmes, such as job enrichment interventions and quality of work life programmes. He concluded that current evidence is consistent with the claim that participation has a statistically significant positiveRead MoreAircraft Take Off and Landing Using Fuzzy Logics9736 Words   |  39 PagesCANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the project entitled â€Å"AIRCRAFT TAKE-OFF AND LANDING CONTROL SYSTEM USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER’’ in the partial fulfilment of requirements for the Award of degree of M.Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering) submitted in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LUDHIANA under PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERESITY, JALANDHAR is my work done to study aircraftRead MoreFruit Tree Diversity And Fruit Consumption9387 Words   |  38 Pagesfollow-up and refocuses the discussions if necessary. The names of fruit trees obtained from the group sessions were latter superimposed with the help of research technicians who were familiar with the local language in these communities to bring out a final list. Further fine-tuning of the names of fruits trees was done with village people knowledgeable and willing to help in the refinement of the list. There was no specific research design in choosing the people to participate in the fine tuning of theRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 PagesGermplasm Preservation Project was again successful and a preliminary report is presented in this issue. The IHA still owes the Vavilov Research Institute (VIR) of Russia US$ 5,000 for its work with the 1995 Cannabis seed reproductions. The 1996 project will require about US$ 20,000 and we must have funding organized by early Spring. We are extremely concerned about our ability to finance the VIR project in its fourth and final year. A grant support application for the VIR p roject has been made, butRead MoreData Mining16277 Words   |  66 Pagessearched for each of these candidate patterns using an edit distance based scoring scheme. A survey of temporal data mining 181 The number of sequences (in the database) which are within some user-defined distance of a given candidate pattern is its final occurrence score and those patterns whose score exceeds a user-defined threshold are the output temporal patterns. These constitute the representative patterns (referred to here as motifs) for the proteins within a group. The motifs so discovered in

Effect of Social Networking Free Essays

Over the past few years, social networking websites such as Facebook and Myspace have exploded in popularity, especially among children and teenagers. The social networks as Facebook, MySpace and others are all â€Å"virtual places† where people find themselves and share information. Nowadays, social networks are the best tools for communication, though in the first place they were used only for university purposes, where students and colleagues stayed in contact with each other after works or studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Social Networking or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, recent events involving child predators and other dangerous individuals using these sites have raised concerns about safety. Particularly in the western conutries, many parents view social networking websites with suspicion while having limited understanding of what these sites really are or how they work. Used responsibly, social networking sites do not pose a danger or threat to anyone. Facebook, Myspace, and other sites have numerous benefits for their users in terms of interacting and talking with other people, but also provide comprehensive privacy and safety features.Facebook, for example, does not allow people to view others’ profiles unless they are friends, which requires both people to confirm their relationship. Even though Some studies imply that social networks could have negative impact on people social health. These can cause people to stray from reality and immerse themselves in the virtual world of social community. â€Å"Instead of meeting people in person, they spend more time in front of the computer screens checking what the virtual friends are doing. †The next effect that many scientists have warned about is the influence that social networks can have on human health. The main effect is on the human brain. â€Å"Baroness Greenfield, an Oxford University neuroscientist and director of the Royal Institution, believes repeated exposure could effectively ‘rewire’ the brain. † Another important effect of social networks is on business. Online social networking is the newest weapon to get more customers. â€Å"William Baker, a professor of marketing at San Diego State University, found that firms that ely heavily on external social networks scored 24 percent higher on a measure of radical innovation than companies that don’t. Online networks can help you hire the right people, market your product — or even find a manufacturer. † In conclusion, as stated before, today social networks are the main tools of communications. Networks like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and so on can have a great impact on human life and influence positively or negatively the social life, health and the world business. How to cite Effect of Social Networking, Papers

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Lovely Bones free essay sample

The Lovely Bones is haunting, violent, beautiful, mysterious, and wonderful. Peter Jacksons 2009 adaptation is some of those things. Both open with a young narrator telling us that she was 14 years old when she was murdered on December 6, 1973. Thats how we meet Susie Salmon (Saoirse Ronan): already gone and telling us not the story of her life and death (although thats in there, too), but the story of her family after her death. A portrait of a family in grief. A dirge for the living. orke_book_1Of course, thats not all Sebold has on offer. The Lovely Bones is also a cleverly disguised coming of age tale (both for Lindsey, Susies younger sister, and Susie herself), as well as a metaphor for the physical disassociation a rape victim sometimes feels from her own body. Yes, rape. If you only watched the movie, you might not have guessed that George Harvey (Stanley Tucci) is not only Susies murderer but also her rapist; and that there was a brief moment between her rape and her murder w hen Susie considered the possibility that the worst was behind her. Its implied that hes a pedophile, but thats as far as movie will take it. Let me be clear: I have no interest in watching scenes of rape and murder, and I wouldnt have any interest in filming one if I were Jackson, Ronan, or Tucci. Im hung up on this point because its essential to Susies story, as well as essential to understanding it, and Jackson et al. tread so lightly on this point that they leave no footprint. Film may be a visual medium, but there are ways to suggest things to the audience without actually showing them. Jacksons adaptation rolls downhill from there. Movie Susie feels life ebbing away from her and grabs onto the top of a flower, forcing herself into the Inbetween. There, shes confused and alone until she meets Holly (Nikki SooHoo), who helps her navigate her new world. Its just the two of them in a perfect world of their own making. Book Susie, however, puts her dismembered body back together and meets Franny, her intake specialist, and Holly, her roommate. Book Susies heaven is populated with real men and women who died and now live in infinite, overlapping heavens. While the movie remembers that the women wear gowns and are sometimes overrun with dogs, it forgets that Holly plays her saxophone at Evensong. That there are other people to form patterns of living, even amongst the dead. Previously in Book vs. Film: Twilight Watchmen The Time Travelers Wife New Moon Mostly, the movie fails the novel in the same way. Its like someone told screenwriters Jackson, Fran Walsh, and Philippa Boyens the story rather than let them read the novel for themselves, so they throw in details without understanding why Sebold put them in to begin with. They remember that Mr. Harvey uses alarms to tell him when to open and close the drapes, but forget to link the alarms to his inability to authentically replicate the rhythms of suburbia. They include the lyricism of a heart beating like a hammer against cloth but forget that its Mr. Harveys, directly after the rape, that beats that way, never Susies. Susies heart skipped like a rabbit. These seem like small things, but they add up to way a novel a movie is remembered. The movies other notable failing is the way it confuses the timeline. The emphasis goes on Jacks (Mark Wahlberg, who picked up the role directly after filming The Happening and is stuck in the same hyper-earnest mode) search for a killer, digging up tax records and personal files on every shady man he can think of. It takes 11 months before the police even turn up Susies hand-knit hat. The book is much more gruesome, detailed, sharp: Susies elbow turns up three days later, the hat within weeks. Mr. Harvey is the first, and only, suspect on Book Jacks list. He knows it instinctively after helping Mr. Harvey build a structure in his backyard (a ceremonial tent in the book and a duck blind in the movie) in both cases, but its two years on in the movie. Its within the first month in the novel. The Salmon family in the novel just knows in a way that the movie wont let them. yorke_movie_1 Â © DreamWorks Pictures So, book or film? Book. Though the movie is relentlessly devoted to removing anything from the novel that would blemish its PG-13 rating, it does posit its own theory on what keeps Susie from moving on beyond the living. Movie Susie lives in denial about what really happened to her, about what happened to so many girls because of George Harvey, and this denial becomes a metaphor in its own right: the invisibility that a rape victim can feel when no one knows what happened. The filmmakers lighten up on Abigail (Rachel Weisz), cutting out her affair with police detective Len Fenerman (Michael Imperioli) and having her return after Jack is nearly beaten to death instead of leaving afterward. Obviously a lot of thought and work went into creating Susies perfect world, a day-glo wonderland befitting a 1970s teen. Its part Lisa Frank, part gothic romance novel, part Seventeen. Still, the movie seems almost afraid to deal with its source directly. While it may be stunning to look at, and while Saoirse Ronan is a dream of an actor (her translucent skin not unlike Evan Rachel Woods back in the day), the movie lacks the tone, complexity, and sheer breadth that make Sebolds novel such a valuable, rewarding read. As heavy as the subject matter may be, she knows when to let off the gas. Its a grace that the movie never fully finds.

The study of China phenomenon of Wang Hong - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss aboutThe study of China phenomenon of Wang Hong. Answer: Introduction One of the driving factors in the industrial and economic growth and changes in the dynamics of the same in the international scenario has been the technological innovations and progress experienced in different areas in the global framework. Over the years, the world has experienced immense progress in terms of technological innovations, which not only affected the industrial and commercial aspects but has influenced the overall way of living of people in all corners of the world. One of the primary innovations, which have widely influenced the lifestyle globally, is of that of internet. Over the years, the usage of internet has expanded significantly, with more people being accustomed to the concept and its applications. Internet is now a significant part of the personal and professional domains of people in general, in all parts of the world. Keeping the aspect of increased influence and usage of internet in peoples everyday life into consideration, the assignment tries to discuss about the recent phenomenon, which have been occurring primarily in countries like China, which is popularly known as the Wang Hong Economy in the contemporary periods. The term Wang Hong Economy, is generally used to refer to the new age digital economy, which is increasingly gaining importance and relevance in the contemporary period. To study the relevance and implications of the same, the following section of the assignment conducts an extensive review of the exiting literatures and scholarly evidences present in this aspect, emphasizing on the economy of China, from where this concept has originated. Wang Hong: Origin and Meaning The term Wang Hong, having its origin in China, broadly refers to the new age internet celebrities who are gaining immense global attention in the contemporary period. As described by Sullivan and Kehoe (2017), in their elaborate work on the evolution and dynamics in the world of celebrities in China, the mode of entertainment for people has undergone immense changes and modifications over the years, with the nature and the magnitude of entertainment changing continuously. In the constant competition of getting more popularity and becoming more famous, people have taken up newer methods of publicizing and advertising oneself. One of the newest of these methods of advertising and reaching out to more people is by the use of the increasing popular platform of social media. With the invention and widespread usage of internet, social media has become a part of the daily lives of people across the world. According to the authors, social media not only remains as a mode of global communica tion, but has also become a medium of exchanging thoughts and ideas, which gave rise to the notion of using the same platform to reach out to more people and to display or convey what they has to show or say. Talking in the line of Sullivan and Kehoe, in his article, Wang (2017), elaborated the concept of Wang Hong. As asserted by the author, Wang Hong in China refers to those celebrities who get popular not by conventional media but though internet and the different social media platforms. These people, well aware of the increasing usage of social media among people of different age and nature, use this platform to showcase their talents, thereby gaining immense popularity, which can be highly attributed to the ease of using internet, its incredible pace and vast reach. This phenomenon is no longer a discrete one as its increasing popularity and economic prospects have been attracting more people to use the same to become popular. Though the author clearly elaborates the meaning and implications of the term Wang Hong, he however does not elaborate on the phenomenon of the rapidly rising Wang Hong Economy in China and the reasons behind the rise of the same in the contemporary Chinese eco nomy. Wang Hong Economy The term Wang Hong Economy, as put forward by Wang (2012) is in its broad sense the newly but rapidly growing digital economy in China, which is coming into existence with the increasing popularity and prospects of the phenomenon of Wang Hong. He, unlike the previous authors, defined Chinese Wang Hong to be those who not only become popular on the social media platforms in China, but also have the abilities to channelize their popularity to real cash earnings for them and their sponsors. As argued by the author the Wang Hong economy or the Internet Celebrity economy not only includes those displaying their talents or ideas in the social media platforms but also the people and stakeholders working in the background. This alternative form of economy is especially popular in China and with more people as well as investors pitching in, the valuation of this economy expected to cross 58 billion Yuan in 2017, which is even higher than the box office revenue of China in 2015. How Wang Hone Economy works in China Xu (2018) has elaborately explained the concept and dynamics of Wang Hong Economy in China in the article published in Target China, where the author describes the working and the demand supply dynamics of the Wang Hong economy with the help of a diagrammatic representation of the same, which is as follows: Figure 1: Dynamics in the Wang Hong Economy (Source: Xu 2018) Taking reference of the above figure, the author argues that the Chinese internet celebrity economy not only consists of celebrities themselves but also a full-fledged business chain behind the celebrity faces. This business chain includes the support teams, the agents, incubators, marketing strategists and those who have the ability to design different product selling methods for different commercial companies taking advantage of the popularity of these celebrities (Shijia 2018). How are internet celebrities different from traditional celebrities? Hua, Leong and Yu (2017), in their scholarly article tries to differentiate between the internet celebrities and the conventional or traditional ones, based on the nature, domain of operations and targeted clienteles these two types of sensations target and their purposes. According to the authors, unlike the non-internet celebrities, the Wang Hong celebrities in China, not only displays their talents but also share their experiences, lifestyles and opinions on different aspects with their viewers quite frequently. They also guide their viewers in terms of food, fashion, lifestyle, travel and others buy suggesting them brands to buy, places to visit and other. The approach of these celebrities being more frequent and less formal, they appear to be more cordial to their viewers than the traditional celebrity, which in turn encourages them to follow their life styles and suggestions. Therefore, in spite of being non-professional, these internet celebrities exert more influence on the v iewers, especially the younger ones, who try to follow them. The advantage of such fan following automatically makes these celebrities a part of the marketing system of various products and services by different companies as argued by Schmidt and Cohen (2013). They sponsor these celebrities to advertise their goods and services in a more cordial and less-apparent manner, thereby making the viewers believe in the credibility of these goods and services as they see that even their favorite celebrities use them too. This informal advertising not only increases the economic benefits of these companies in terms of hugely increased sales but also increases the prosperity of the celebrities as both their earnings as well as the number of viewers increase substantially. Tuten and Solomon (2017), also argues in favor of Cohen, asserting that the internet celebrities even earn economic benefits from the media channels by creating their own blogs or channels, posting videos and increasing the number of viewers and subscribers to their channels. Reasons behind the rise of the Wang Hone Economy in China In the age of digitalism in every aspect of human life, internet celebrities are getting increasing global attention with each passing day. However, the trend is especially prominent in China and the concept of Wang Hong Economy has originated and developed in the country over the years. There are several reasons behind the growth and immense popularity of the recently growing Internet Celebrity Economy in China, which have been put forward by different scholars: a) Technological Advancement- According to Chen, Benbasat and Cenfetelli (2017), one of the primary factors, which have contributed immensely to the origin of the Wang Hong Economy, is the highly developed technological framework in the country which includes the widespread usage of internet also. The number of internet users in China increased to as high as 6.49 billion till 2015, among which 5.57 billion are found to have access to internet through their smart phones which they use for purchasing and socializing purposes. b) Growing Economy- Kim and Ko (2012) puts forward another factor contributing to the rising popularity of the Wang Hong economy in China. According to them, the economy of China is growing consistently and the consumption pattern of the people of the country is also changing, much of which is attributed to the increase in the number of youths in the country. As per the assertions of the authors, the youth gets more intrigues by the videos of these internet celebrities and in a quest to achieve a lifestyle similar to those celebrities, they mould their purchasing patterns in a way, which facilitates the growth of the Wang Hong economy. Online relating perspective of Wang Hong Economy Tao and Jiao (2013) highlights the presence of the aspect of online retailing apart from that of media advertising in the Wang Hong economy. According to the authors, the Wang Hong economy also includes the aspect of e-commerce and online retailing. Taking the example of TaoBao, a customer to customer website, the authors suggest that different internet celebrities advertise their stores which includes fashion, food and lifestyle. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be asserted that the Wang Hong economy has been expanding impressively with time. The technological progress and widespread usage of internet, especially among the youths has contributed immensely to the change in lifestyle and the facilitation of the Wang Hong economy in the country. This gives the opportunity of expanding this new form of economy to other countries also, which in turn keeps the scope of exploration and further study of this economy and its prospect in future across different parts of the world. References Chen, Z., Benbasat, I. and Cenfetelli, R.T., 2017. Grassroots Internet Celebrity Plus Live Streaming Activating IT-Mediated Lifestyle Marketing Services at e-Commerce Websites. Hua, W., Leong, C. and Yu, J., 2017. Exploring User-Created Digital Content Ecosystem: A Study of Chinas Digital Celebrity Industry. Kim, A.J. and Ko, E., 2012. Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand.Journal of Business Research,65(10), pp.1480-1486. Schmidt, E. and Cohen, J., 2013.The new digital age: Reshaping the future of people, nations and business. Hachette UK. Shijia, O. (2018).Wanghong economy takes off - Chinadaily.com.cn. [online] Chinadaily.com.cn. Available at: https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201712/11/WS5a2dc2aca310eefe3e9a1481.html [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Sullivan, J. and Kehoe, S., 2017. Truth, good and beauty: the politics of celebrity in China.China Quarterly. Tao, S. and Jiao, C., 2013. A Study on the Introduction of Online Retailer-Services Perspective.Management Review,1, p.011. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2017.Social media marketing. Sage. Wang, W.Y., 2012. Whos blocking the Chinese Internet? The rise of cybercultures and the generational conflicts in China. InCybercultures: Cultures in Cyberspace Communities(pp. 145-166). Inter-Disciplinary Press. Wang, Y., 2017." We are famous on the Internet": A study of the Chinese phenomenon of Wanghong(Master's thesis, The University of Bergen). Xu, K. (2018).What is "Internet Celebrity Economy" in China | Target China. [online] Targetchina.com.au. Available at: https://targetchina.com.au/article/internet-celebrity/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018].

Friday, April 17, 2020

Movie I Like Essays - Abuse, Anti-social Behaviour, Discrimination

Movie I Like I felt that this movie was a very good learning tool. It demonstrated how stupid discrimination looked when the little third graders hated each other for the color of their eyes. It was amazing also to see the way that the children talked about blacks and Native Americans. They were only in third grade and they were using racial slurs to address these people. This shows how are society has changed over the last couple decades. Children now realize that it is wrong to talk about someone in that fashion. It was interesting to see how the third graders reacted when they had a class reunion and watched the film. They all still remembered the lesson that they had learned in the classroom. This shows how a teacher can make sure that a lesson or idea stays in your head. The teacher realized that if she wanted these children to remember what it was like to be discriminated against she had to take drastic measure. We may not let this type of activity go on in the classroom today. People are v ery sensitive today and if their child came home and said that he or she was made to feel like an outsider most likely the parent would call the school and the teacher would get in trouble. The seminar that the teacher gave to the adults was especially interesting. It was very interesting to see how these adults reacted to being discriminated against. Many of them just sat there and took it but a few such as the old woman stood up and tried to talk back to the instructor. This was a futile point because the instructor would use the mere argument against the person to make them feel like less then a human being. These adults knew they were there to learn something but they still got tangled up in the scenario and even went so far as to attack the teacher verbally. This video shows you how discrimination can destroy a group of people. The eye color just shows how stupid it is to hate someone for the color of his or her body. I think that everyone involved in this exercise came away from it knowing and understanding discrimination a lot better. Business

Friday, March 13, 2020

Doctrine and Covenants Summary Essay #1 †Theology Essay

Doctrine and Covenants Summary Essay #1 – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Doctrine and Covenants Summary Essay #1 Theology Essay At the top of my mission statement, it reads, â€Å"I found my existence on the principles of integrity and excellence.† I hold this sentence very dear to my heart; it is the foundation of the purpose of my life- of my very existence. I constantly strive for the best. I continuously pursue the path that leads me highest in any endeavor- be it academic, physical, or spiritual. And I had not always espoused this philosophy to the degree I do now- the effort to strive for the top in my early years was never quite serious or even remarkable, so I really had never come into any conflict with the principle of equality embraced by the law of consecration. No conflict, of course, until complete application of this philosophy of excellence made me realize the full power of the law and understand its potential greatness†¦ and its danger. In section 82 of the Doctrine and Covenants we come to a scene in the spring of 1832 where the Lord has decided to introduce a key element in the path towards creating a people worthy of Zion- worthy of living under the glory of a celestial law. This element is the law of consecration. To begin with, the Lord tells a group of his servants, Edward Partridge, Newel K. Whitney, and others that they â€Å"are to be equal, or in other words, [they] are to have equal claims on the properties, for the benefit of managing the concerns of [their] stewardships, every man according to his wants and his needs, inasmuch as his wants are just† (DC 82:17). The Lord is basically giving them a commandment that they are to be equal. Now, granted this verse is simply talking about the management of certain businesses, but it is a part of a great whole- the whole commandment of the Law of consecration. In this Law, the central principle dictates the saints are to be equal; they are to â€Å"be e qual in the bonds of heavenly things, yea, and earthly things also†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (DC 78:5, italics added). The Lord of course mentions that they are to be equal in heavenly things, but the striking addition is that they are also to apply this equality to their worldly possessions and activities! The law of consecration is part of the â€Å"celestial law,† meaning it is that which those who are worthy of and striving for the Celestial Kingdom embrace. Truly, a mode of living worthy to be called â€Å"celestial† falls within that category of excellence that we are striving for. However, when first examining the law of consecration and its principle of total equality for all, I couldn’t help but feel a certain tie with the equality of man promised by communism and socialism. Not that I have a problem with human beings being equal economically or in any other manner. However, although my full understanding of true excellence bloomed later in my life, the concept of compelled equality always gave me a sense of discomfort and repulsion. I now understand why- it is contrary to the very essence of excellence to force a group of people into dead-level equality; I have always, consciously or otherwise, believed that there is nothing more unequal than the equal tre atment of unequal people. When you force those who are striving to be great to come down to the level of those who are putting forth little effort, or worse, those putting forth only enough effort to plunder the labors from the noble individuals on top, you punish excellence. You punish ability and talent; you stifle competence and genius. This was my objection to forced equality. And for a short time, it seemed that the law of consecration was just this very thing- after all, wasn’t it a commandment? Herein lies the paradox. It seemed that the Lord was telling the saints to strive for excellence, but simultaneously instituted a program that punished and stifled it. However, God is not a god of contradiction and confusion. The most important thing the reader must understand in examining this apparent incongruity is the very nature of the people who make up the true United Order, the Law of consecration. First, â€Å"equality† in that sense as it is spoken by the Lord in sections 78 and 82 does not mean dead-level equality. President J. Rueben Clark, Jr. stated that the equality spoken of in these sections of scripture are â€Å"not a case of ‘dead level’ equality. It is ‘equality’ that will vary as much as the man’s circumstances, his family, his wants and needs, may vary† (Conference Report, Oct 1942, p. 55). Obviously then, God is speaking here of relative equality- dependent on the circumstances and positions of His children. Furt hermore, coming back to the nature of the people who comprise the celestial society of Zion- they are not the bottom-feeding, looter type. They do not hope to steal from the efforts of those who are striving to be great. They strive to be great themselves. True equality is wonderful; the equivalence that comes from an individual freely choosing excellence and then surrounding himself with similar individuals is truly celestial. But this equality cannot be forced- such a constraint is the element of Lucifer’s plan. The true follower of celestial law espouses excellence by free will and endeavors to seek â€Å"the interest of his neighbor,† and do â€Å"all things with an eye single to the glory of God† (DC 82:19). Eventually, however, as outlined primarily in section 104, the law of consecration was rescinded only two years after its introduction to the saints. This section details centrally the procedure of taking the ownership of the various businesses involved in the United Order out of the names of the order itself, and into the names of several individual servants of the Lord, including Edward Partridge and Newell K. Whitney, as mentioned above. Thus, the order was officially dissolved. Why was this celestial law revoked? Why was it taken away from the lives of the saints when the potential for greatness and progression was so imminent? The Lord mentions specifically several times that they had â€Å"broken the covenant through covetousness, and with feigned words† (DC 104:4). They were covetous of their neighbor. In short, they were guilty of the great sin- pride. Pride is a disease. It stifles righteous progression in every form. The most evil of all- our brother Satan, fell to his pitiful and lowly state because of his pride. The early saints, although certainly not as evil and malicious as Lucifer, nevertheless were perpetrators of the sin of pride. C.S. Lewis tells us that â€Å"Pride is essentially competitive- is competitive by its very nature- while the other vices are competitive only, so to speak, by accident† (Mere Christianity, p. 110). The â€Å"other vices† Lewis speaks of include all other sins, including greed or immorality. A greedy man may want to hoard millions of dollars for the pleasure, but a prideful man will do the same just to be above all the others. It is enmity and evil competition in its very basic form. Someone guilty of pride does not necessarily take pleasure in being rich, or smart, or handsome. They only seek to be richer, smarter, or more handsome than the next man. Thus, it is the very opposite of the law of consecration- the celestial law which advances excellence in the individual- in essence being the â€Å"best one can be.† Additionally, rather than competition, consecration encourages the care and help in advancement of one’s neighbor. The saints were condemned for the lack of ability to stifle pride and live the Law of consecration, but Heavenly Father is forever merciful to his children. He took away the celestial law, removing further condemnation, and instituted a the new law of tithing as outlined in section 119. This incident has a glaring parallel to the children of Moses. Unable to live the higher law, the Israelites were given a law of carnal commandments, which was a â€Å"schoolmaster† to bring them to Christ (Galatians 3:24). In this same manner, the Latter-day Saints have also been given tithing, a schoolmaster to bring us to the celestial principles of consecration outlined by Christ. It is comforting to know that our Lord will never give us greater commandments than what we are worthy of. It is equally comforting to understand that He wants us to be excellent- he has given us guidelines and commandments for us to progress in that manner. Does consecration contain danger? Does it really repress talent? In continuation of the passage from section 82, â€Å"and all this for the benefit of the church of the living God, that every man may improve upon his talent, that every man may gain other talents, even a hundredfold† (DC 82:18). Truly, we have nothing to fear. I am thankful for the opportunity to progress and help my fellow man become excellent even as I strive to be. Creation of united order Principle of excellence and â€Å"shooting for the top†living the celestial law however, causes conflict with my own philosophy of excellence because I had thought that forced equality punishes the excellent for being excellent true followers of celestial law espouse excellence Dissolution of united order celestial law is brought down because of pride – expound on prideSimilar to children of Moses – preparatory law of tithing in place to be a schoolmaster for consecration Research Papers on Doctrine and Covenants Summary Essay #1 - Theology Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayResearch Process Part OneRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Air pollution Essays

Air pollution Essays Air pollution Paper Air pollution Paper Vicar Guppy, M. D. , and Santos Ass , M. D. Stated in Air Pollution: Indian Scenario, Disease and malformation caused by air pollution is not a natural occurrence to be overlooked because if people themselves try to help reducing the pollutants, then health risk can be controlled. 5. RECOMMENDATION FOR AIR POLLUTION Solution efforts on pollution are always a big problem. Several attempts are being made worldwide on personal, industrial and governmental levels to curb the intensity at which Air Pollution is rising and regain a balance as far as the proportions of the foundation gases are concerned. This is a direct attempt at slacking Global warming. This is why prevention interventions are always a better way of controlling air pollution. We are seeing a series of innovations and experiments aimed at alternate and unconventional options to reduce pollutants. Air Pollution is one of the larger mirrors of mans follies, and a challenge we need to overcome to see a tomorrow. In many big cities, monitoring equipment has been installed at many points in the city. Authorities read them regularly to check the quality of air. The lesson to be taken is from the case study of Mexico City. The government introduced air laity improvement programs ? PICA and PAIRED that include, among other measures, a rotating one-weekday ban on private car use. On days of high pollution, the ban extends to every second day and some manufacturing activities are curtailed. In addition, car owners must have their vehicles certified every six months. The following are some recommendation action to reduce air pollution. . 1 Government (or community) Level prevention 5. 1. 1 Emphasis on clean energy resources Government throughout the world would have already taken action against air pollution by introducing green energy. Some governments are investing n clean energy technologies like wind energy and solar energy, as well as other renewable energy, to minimize burning of fossil fuels, which cause heavy air pollution. Governments are also forcing companies to be more responsible with their manufacturing activities, so that even though they still cause pollution, they are a lot controlled. 5. 1. Use energy efficient devices CFML lights consume less electricity as against their counterparts. They live longer, consume less electricity, lower electricity bills and also help you to reduce pollution by consuming less energy. Companies are also building ore energy efficient cars, which pollute less than before. 5. 2 Individual Level Prevention 5. 2. 1 Use public mode Of transportation Encourage your family to use the bus, train or bike when commuting. Also, try to make use of carpooling. If you and your colleagues come from the same locality and have same timings you can explore this option to save energy and money. If we all do this, there will be fewer cars on road and less fumes. 5. 2. 2 Conserve energy Use energy (light, water, boiler, kettle and fire woods) wisely. This is because lots of fossil fuels are burned to generate electricity, and so if we can cut own the use, we will also cut down the amount of pollution we create. 5. 2. 3 understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Recycle and re-use things. This will minimize the dependence of producing new things. Remember manufacturing industries create a lot of pollution, so if we can re-use things like shopping plastic bags, clothing, paper and bottles, it can help. . BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES or. Amandine Sings, MD, Dry. Vicar Guppy. MD, Dry. Santos ass, MD. (2009). Volume 10. Number 2. November 2009. Air Pollution : Indian Scenario in The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. Http://www. Sentimentality. S/ PAST. HTML . Accessed 9 October 2013. John Fletcher (201 1). Air Pollution . Geography. Michelle Hobbler, (2003). Health A n Ecosystem Approach. Wham. Dire. Ca/ cheesecloth . Accessed 9 October 2013. Website references: http://en. M. Wisped. Org/WI ski/Kyoto_protocol http://en. M. Wisped. Org/WI ski/Air_poll lotion http://environment. Cinematographic. Com/environment/global-warming/ pollution-overview http://schooldays. Com/pollution/air-pollution/air- pollution-prevention-HTML Mass. Gob/deep/air/aqua/envy_effects. HTML Conserve-energy-future. Com/causes-effects-solutions-of-air- pollution. PH . APPENDICES CASE STUDY : MEXICO CITY Taking Control of Air Pollution in Mexico City A clean air drive targets health improvements and health care savings Located in a pollutant-trapping valley, Mexico City ? one of the worlds largest cities ? has had limited success in battling suffocating air pollution. A new understanding of the health impacts of this pollution ? and of peoples role in both the problem and the solution ? could lead to better targeted, more effective air improvement programs. Famous for its size, its history, and the warmth of its people, Mexico City is also infamous for its air pollution. In 1992, the United Nations described the citys air as the most polluted on the planet. Six years later, that air earned Mexico the reputation of the most dangerous city in the world for children. This is a reputation Mexico has been working hard to improve. But despite more than a decade of stringent pollution-control measures, a dull haze hangs over the city most days, obscuring the stunning snow-capped mountains that frame the city and endangering the health of its inhabitants. Many factors have contributed to this situation: industrial growth, a population boom (from 3 million in 1950 to some 20 million today), and the relaxation of vehicles. More than 3. 5 million vehicles ? 30% of them more than 20 years old ? now ply the city streets. Geography conspires with human activity to produce a poisonous scenario. Located in the crater of an extinct volcano, Mexico City is about 2,240 meters above sea level. The lower atmospheric oxygen levels at this altitude cause incomplete fuel combustion in engines and higher emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Intense sunlight turns these noxious gases into higher than normal smog levels. In turn, the smog prevents the sun from eating the atmosphere enough to penetrate the inversion layer that blankets the city. Solving this problem has been a priority of the Metropolitan Environmental Commission, which is integrated with local and federal authorities. Recent efforts to curb emissions have been relatively successful. In the 1 9905, for instance, the government introduced air quality improvement programs ? PICA and PAIRED that include, among other measures, a rotating one-weekday ban on private car use. On days of high pollution, the ban extends to every second day and some manufacturing certified every six months. But if lead, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide are now under control, pollution levels of other contaminants are still far above air quality standards. A closer look at pollution When PAIRED concluded in 2000, environmental authorities undertook a longer, ambitious air quality improvement program: PAIRED 2002-2010. TO develop the program, however, accurate measures were needed to determine how improving air quality would improve health and reduce health expenditures. A number of questions also needed to be answered about the relationship between the citys inhabitants and air pollution: How do people perceive pollution? How does it affect them? What are they willing to do or pay for cleaner air? How can they be motivated to help solve it? The Mexico City government set out to answer these questions, with support from Canadas International Development Research Centre (DIRE) and the Netherlands Trust Fund through the World Bank and the Pan American Health Organization. If the first question was fairly simple ? what is the economic value of benefits reaped from reducing air pollution? ? answering it was not. No one really knows, or understands, the relationship between environmental contaminants and the health of inhabitants, says biologist Roberto Murmur Cruz, subdirectory of information and analysis at Mexico Citys atmospheric monitoring system, part of the Secretariat del Media Ambient (department of the environment). The Secretariat coordinated the project in collaboration with the Center National De Salad Ambient (national centre for environmental health), the nongovernmental organization GREECE (a study group on relations between the environment and behavior), and the Institute De Ia Meijer del District Federal (Womens Institute of Mexico City). The researchers focused on health hazards posed by the most serious Laotians in Mexico: ozone, produced when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds react in sunlight, and PM O ? resalable particulate matter less than 10 microns (0. 01 millimeters) in diameter. IMO comes from various sources, including road construction and dust, smoke-belching diesel trucks and buses, forest fires, and burning refuse in the open air. Both pollutants can irritate eyes, cause or aggravate a range of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments, and lead to premature death. Its not air pollution that kills people, explains Munson, but some people die sooner than they would otherwise. More than 20 researchers from eight academic, governmental, donor, and nongovernmental organizations in Mexico, the Netherlands, and the USA contributed to compiling and analyzing the findings of national and international studies of the health effects of ozone and PM O. Surveys were also carried out to determine peoples perceptions of the pollution problem, says Munson. A population exposure model was then developed, using data from Mexico sophisticated air-monitoring network. The study estimated that pollution levels in 2010 will be much the same as in the late sass when ozone levels exceeded standards on almost 90% of days ND IMO on 30% to 50% of days, explains Dry Victor Boors Abort, former Director of the Center National De Salad Ambient at the Secretariat De Salad and now coordinator of workplace health, who led the projects first module. Tangible benefits Earlier efforts to assess the Costs Of pollution in Mexico City had focused on direct medical costs such as medicines and hospital visits and on productivity losses ? income lost by those who were sick. This study, however, sought to provide a more comprehensive picture. Air quality and exposure meddlers, epidemiologists and public health specialists, economists and statisticians assessed a wide range of health benefits and savings, including peoples willingness to pay for better health and a potentially longer life. Communications and social participation specialists worked to understand peoples perceptions and get at indirect costs because, as Munson explains, not only do people who get sick lose days from work, but also mothers stay home to take care of the children who get sick. It was an important transcriptional experience, says Munson. Bringing together different disciplines to provide a holistic picture ? an approach central to cheesecloth research ? proved very successful. And a strong connection was forged between the institutions and between government and research institutes. The research concluded that reducing PM 0 would yield the greatest health and financial benefits : each micrograms per cubic centimeter reduction would be worth about CSS$1 00 million a year. Reducing both ozone and IMO by just 10% would result in average savings offs$760 million a year. In human terms that would translate into, for example, 33,287 fewer emergency room visits for respiratory distress in 2010 and 88 fewer hospital admissions for the same problem. In addition, says Mums, it would lead to 266 fewer infant deaths a year an important consideration not valuated. Clearly this justifies relatively high expenditures to further reduce polluting emissions, Munson says. Much to the projects credit, this detailed information provided the scientific underpinning of PAIRED 2002-2010, which calls for close to US$15 billion of public and private investments in air quality improvement projects. The information has also been made available to the international community through a number of publications. What do Mexicans think? If people largely cause air pollution, they must also be involved in cleaning it up. Certainly the original PAIRED program recognized this and included various formal and informal programs to inform people about the problem and invite them to action. It recognized that a cultural change was needed to modify the society-city-environment relation, says Munson. But in a city as large and as socially and culturally diverse as Mexico, that proved no easy task. The research team surveyed close to 4,000 residents in all sectors or delegations of the city. Completed questionnaires showed that close to 30% believe the governments motives in seeking to reduce air pollution are silvering. More than 30% also think that the governments online air quality reports are false. (http://148. 243. 232. 103/amicable/) In fact, says Munson, We found that most people dont even consult the official information.