The Time Of Industrialization And Urban Areas - 1817 Words

The time of industrialization brought the population from rural to suburban and urban areas. Many people have moved closer to cities for jobs. Others leave because there isn’t much left in rural areas besides farming. Since then, people have continued to move out of the country sides and into urban areas leaving smaller towns with fewer people. The idea of small town America is becoming more obscure as people continue to leave. The small town in Chester County, Pennsylvania had a similar outcome in the 1970s. The picture appears to show a typical town in rural America. The small town’s picture appears to have been taken on a dark and dreary day. The town appears almost empty with only the cemetery of the dead remaining. From the picture, it appears as though quite literally, rural life in America is dying with the many dead people in the cemetery. All the trees in the town have no leaves. They sit leafless and dead along the streets and in yards. The grass also appears browner and lifeless. This is all very symbolic in the idea that this town, and in general that small towns are dying out. This left rural towns secluded and out of reach to the busy outside world. People wanted to be a part of the new technological world, which often left these small rural towns in the dust. Leaving the rural areas created more urban sprawl, which led to many issues. Once people began living closer to and in cities, it began to create problems. These problems would create the idea of urbanShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Urbanization and Industrialization Essay911 Words   |  4 Pages18th century, had a significant urbanizing effect. Industrialization is the basic driving force of urbanization and urbanization, cities, are the important land for industrialization. Industrialization and urbanization are just like brothers that grow and develop together and developed each other (Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia, 1997). Industrialization is the initiator of urbanization and urbanization is the inevitable result of industrialization. The inventions of railroad tracks, automobiles, telephonesRead MoreUrban Migration During The Industrialization1708 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization was a period that brought about many changes. One of the changes that happened during this period was the change of working atmospheres from farms and homes to factories. Industrialization in both England and China had a massive impact on the working conditions in both countries. In England, the percentage of population living in urban areas saw an increase from 17% to 72% in during the Industrial Revolution (Watson). China’s urban population rose from 26% to 53% in 2012 whichRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1160 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Industrialization of the 19th Century in America Matt Capone FIN 419 Professor Moore May 3, 2014 Over the course of time, the country of America has changed in many ways. Towards the end of the 19th century, a significant change took place in the fundamental structure of the economy. That change was industrialization. During this time period, the United States of America changed from a large, agricultural country, to an urban industrial society. The process of industrializationRead MoreThe Industrialization of the Northern United States Essays1504 Words   |  7 PagesA Connecticut minister, Horace Bushnell, once said that the industrialization of the United States north produced a â€Å"complete revolution† in Americans’ â€Å"life and manners.† The complete revolution that Bushnell speaks of was an era of industrialization triggered by a population growth, an increase in literacy rates, and the development of labor-saving technologies in the northern region of the United States. This dramatic economic and social transformation instigated a series of outc omes, both positiveRead MoreNegative Effects Of Industrialization711 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough Industrialization appears to be beneficial for humanity as far as technology and businesses are considered, nevertheless, I believe that Industrialization has increased poverty and made the world lazy. Therefore, I believe that Industrialization has done more harm than good for humanity. Around 3200 B.C.E., as the First Civilizations took shape, inequality and hierarchy soon came to be regarded as normal and natural (Strayer 71). Much like today, the upper classes enjoyed great wealth inRead MoreUrbanization, Industrialization, Popullation1376 Words   |  6 PagesGroup Presentation Report On topic: How and Why Industrialization, Population and Urbanization are related: Social Relations, Social Control and Law? Student: Yen Hoang Keuka College How and Why Industrialization, Population and Urbanization are related: Social Relations, Social Control and Law? Industrialization, Population Growth and Urbanization are in dynamic relationship with each other that also has been contributing to change various aspects of Social Relations, Social ControlRead MoreIndustrialization Essay526 Words   |  3 PagesIndustrialization As George Donelson Moss, author of America in the twentieth century states it; modern America emerged during the last thirty years of the nineteenth century. With most of the century consisting of farmers and smaller towns and country-like living, the later parts of the century brought industrialization and businesses. This changes forced Americans to view and live life differently. Of the important elements that influenced America in the nineteenth century, industrializationRead MoreIndustrialization after the Civil War1164 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrialization after the Civil War Industrialization during the 1860’s through the 1900’s caused many problems globally. Industrialization changed a lot in the US for Americans because it made it easier for citizens to do labor work, expanded capital for businesses and opened up many job opportunities for people. Although this was beneficial to the Americans it caused other problems to escalate, and caused many people to flee into the cities, as well as caused a differentiation between the richRead MoreIndustrialization After the Civil War Research Paper1321 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1.2: Research Paper Industrialization after the Civil War Shana Dukes History 105 Professor Tracey M. Biagas February 3. 2014 Introduction Industrialization after the Civil War was a period where Industrial city were being built, there were jobs for people and the political aspect was having corruption. In this paper the main points in this paper discussed the major aspects of the Industrialization Revolution, such as groups that were affected by the Industrial society,Read MoreUrban Development And Urban Areas960 Words   |  4 Pagesis the process by which the people are migrating from the rural area to urban area for the searching the employment opportunities. In the processes increases the number of people living in the cities among those people who are living in the rural areas. In the process the day to day become a number of the people increased those who are migrating from the rural area to urban areas. Most of the people are migrating from the rural to urban because of good quality of facilities provided by the State. The

The For A Community College - 1399 Words

Trick #4, show that you are a determined person by mentioning that you could go to a community college if you’ve ever failed to get admitted the first time around. Most students who are applying for college are often recommended to apply at a community college first, just in case they had bad grades or were not accepted to their chosen university. Many have used this technique to increase their chances to succeed in a future application, which is good. But there’s another way to, let’s say, manipulate this â€Å"community college† option. The keywords are â€Å"showing how determined you are†. Let’s explain: -First, know that there are 3 types of essay questions on your application, namely the â€Å"Describe yourself option†, â€Å"the explain why you want to attend our college† question and â€Å"the discuss an issue† question. -Begin by structuring your essay and make sure you slip this big detail, but not by making it an important fact. The key is to show how determined you are, by â€Å"slipping† in your essay the following detail† I want to be a part of your University so much, that even though I haven’t got the best grades, I will enroll at a community college, and come out of there with the best grades and come back for another try†. Or again, if you have good grades, but are aware that the competition is very high you can also write† If I am not admitted this time around, at your prestigious University, community college will probably be an option this year, but I will come back, with the sameShow MoreRelatedCommunity College For Community Colleges857 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Community College Revenue Community colleges have roots dating back to the 1900’s and became more homogenous with the help of the 1960’s California Master Plan for Higher Education. In the past, community colleges were tuition-free or subsidized by local property taxes and state appropriations (Cohen, M. Brawer, F. 2008). Currently, community college financing has been unpredictable â€Å"due to the discretionary nature of state support and the vagaries of funding initiatives† (PhelanRead MoreAmerican Community Colleges And The American Association Of Community College947 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Community Colleges were established in the twentieth century to address the needs of the workforce development (The American Association of Community College, 2015). Moreover, skilled workers were critical to the economic growth and strength of America’s society (American Association of Community College, 2015). Although the community college’s mission has not changed, employment skills have changed. In order to yield tangible economic benefits to the community, community colleges have toRead MoreCommunity College Or University?871 Words   |  4 Pages Community College or University Going to a community college, rather than a university, is a much more sufficient choice for high school graduates. Community colleges like Rockingham Community College (RCC), have increased benefits for the undergraduate students compared to that of a university. Attending RCC is a superior choice for most students because it is less expensive than a university, it has smaller, more flexible classes, and it is also usually closer to home and work. ThereRead MoreCommunity College Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesDisability Employment Policy (ODEP) Pathways to Careers: Community Colleges for Youth and Young Adults with Disabilities Demonstration Project (SCA 14-03) Why the Focus on Community Colleges Community colleges are the post-secondary institution of choice for youth with disabilities. Enrollment of students with disabilities in community colleges is growing faster than at 4-year institutions. Newman et al. found that between 1990 and 2005, community college enrollment of students with disabilities increasedRead MoreThe Mission Of Community Colleges1130 Words   |  5 Pagesaltered missions of community colleges and related impacts on the historical mission of community colleges. The mission of community colleges were intended to serve all individuals with an equal opportunity for higher education access. In this research paper, there will be four guided questions: 1. What was the original mission of community colleges? 2. How has the community colleges mission changed over time? 3. How did the organizational culture impact the community colleges? 4. What are societalRead MoreCommunity College or University?922 Words   |  4 PagesChoosing a college or deciding to even go to college is one of the most stressful things that we have had to do in our lives so far. This is especially stressful when you don’t have the money to pay for college or don’t know what you want to major in. College is very expensive and the costs add up quickly. Community college is less expensive and is not much different than a university. You can start majoring in something in a community college and then transfer your credits to a university. ManyRead MoreThe Importance Of Community College1075 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year thousands of individuals are faced with questions about college. These questions, whether it be committing to a community college or a university or deciding to commute or live on campus, determine the course a students’ life takes while in college. Finding a college that fits each individual person and th eir unique needs is a difficult task that takes time and patience. I believe revamping the structure of community colleges will benefit students of all ages. Remodeling the acceptance andRead MoreBenefits Of Community College746 Words   |  3 PagesShould community college should be free? Now everyone can get an education if they wanted to, community colleges or a university can help people get a career to succeed. Some students dont really have enough money to go to a university because is really expensive but there is a solution community college can help everyone earn their associates degree and transfer in the future. Community colleges gives students the opportunity to get the same education as a university but with less money. CommunityRead MoreA Community College Or A University?993 Words   |  4 Pagesbegin at a community college or a university? Although they both have their benefits and shortcomings, they both offer the same diversities of knowledge. When deciding where is best to continue with a steady start, each individual should know that a community college and a university differ in learning environment, cost, and how much time the individual would like to spend on campus, but first, what are the differences between a community college and a univers ity. A community college, also knownRead MoreHouston Community College951 Words   |  4 PagesMariela Figueroa Assignment #1 Houston Community College Houston Community College offers facilities to serve students, in all disciplines, improve students learning skills and by targeting specific areas of concern. Students can use these resources throughout their college careers. You don t need an appointment to visit any of the resources offices and there is no charge for use of the labs, Word processing software and online tutoring service are also available. Northeast campus includes

The Business of ShareAll - 822 Words

1. Business objectives of ShareAll: * Increase public awareness of the services ShareAll is providing; * Motivate people to participate more actively in collaborative consumption. In conclusion, the ultimate goal of a for-profit ShareAll company is to increase the number of players and their activity that will subsequently result in higher profit compared to the one, the company generated prior to gamifying its system. 2. Delineate target behaviors The first target behavior the company wants to encourage (which is related to its objective of raising public awareness) is to see more people joining ShareAll by creating their accounts. The metric that will allow us to measure this behavior is pretty obvious - the number of created and existing accounts. Besides that, the company should strive, on the one hand, to motivate players to share more products (cars, houses, etc.) and on the other hand, to use shared items more frequently. This behavior corresponds to the companys objective of motivating people to participate more actively in collaborative consumption. In this case, the metric that will be used for measurement is the number of matched deals that the system has generated by bringing sellers and buyers together. Lastly, ShareAll will aim at encouraging players to generate, trade, and spend more Shares which is directly connected with the companys goal of profit maximization. The metric that will be used in this case is the number of generated/traded/spent SharesShow MoreRelatedUse of Gamification1598 Words   |  7 Pagesfeasibility, and business realities. You are approached by Rashmi Horenstein, the CEO of ShareAll, a prominent company in the hot collaborative consumption space. (If you aren’t familiar with the concept, some good resources are  CollaborativeConsumption.com  and the March 9, 2013  cover story in the Economist.) She knows you are one of the top experts on gamification, which she has heard can revolutionize business.   She asks you to present a proposal for a gamified system to take her business to the next

Decision Making Styles And Their Associations With...

Stephanie Segovia NSS 101 November 12, 2015 Source: BavoÄ ¾Ãƒ ¡r, Jozef and OÄ ¾ga Orosovà ¡. â€Å"Decision-making styles and their associations with decision-making competencies and mental health.† Judgment and Decision Making 10(2015): 115-122. Web. 1 Jan. 2015 Problem: The issue that is being addressed is finding out what the relationship are between the different decision-making styles and how this affects our decision-making competencies and mental heath. Hypothesis: If you use certain decision-making styles then it will affect the outcome of your mental health and competency. The independent variables are the five decision-making styles which are rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous. 1. Rational style- has to do†¦show more content†¦Research design: It is a survey type of research design that includes tables and data that is collected by the surveys that have been conducted on the 427 Slovak high school and university students. There were many correlations in the research that was done. Most of it had to deal with that people who are avoidant and spontaneous decision makers do not have the best mental health or do not know how to deal with certain aspects of their life. They investigated the psychometric characteristics of the GDMS and its inner consistency and subscale intercorrelations. Then they studied the relationships between decision-making styles and decision making competencies. Lastly they explored the associations between the decision-making styles and the three indicators of mental health which are ones well-being, how people perceive stress and depression. Time frame: The research lasted a couple of years between 2003-2012 and some during 1999 Operational definitions (Jargon): The few jargon that I found were these few terms General Decision-Making Scale (GDMS), DSM manual, Adult Decision-Making Competence (A-DMC) , and 6-point Likert scale. Sampling: The sample was on a group of people of about 427 from the Slovak high school and university students. In the ï ¬ rst sample there were 213 high school and university students from different schools in KoÃ… ¡ice,

No Further Stay Visa-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Read the case Ramos v Minister for Immigration [2017] FCCA 2412 (3 October 2017) which is attached to this assignment. A client approaches you and requests an explanation in the form of a letter of advice (in plain English) as to the reasons of Driver J for his decision and the implications of this case in relation to valid visa applications especially pertaining to an 8503 waiver. The client has a similar factual situation. Answer: To Mr. X Melbourne Australia Sub: condition and exception of no further stay visa Respected Sir/ Madam, In Australia, there are many provisions included under the application for granting visa and certain terms and conditions are applicable on the same with a purpose to make all the related provisions and entry clear and reasonable[1]. Under the Australian Migration Act, there is a provision on the No Further Stay application that restricts an applicant to file another substantive visa application in Australia[2]. The visa conditions include visitor visa, training and research visa and any other visa. However, there is a waiver to this provision has been mentioned under the condition of 8503 that the delegates has the power to waive the visa terms if any of the following grounds have been attracted: If any compelling and compassionate situation has been cropped up; The person should have no control over the situation; The situation can bring huge change in the life of the applicant and th nature of the change should be permanent; The Ministry of Delegate should be satisfied that the newly developed situation is different and can bring permanent change in the applicants life; and The request of waiver should be made in the written form[3]. All the necessary provisions have been discussed in the case of Ramos v Minister for Immigration [2017] FCCA 2412, where the Federal Circuit Court of Australia has correctly interpreted the grounds of 8503 condition and an outline of the request application under this visa condition has been set out by this case. It has been observed in this case that the applicant Ms Ramos has made a request to the delegate to waive her 8503 condition and her request has been cancelled. This case is quite appropriate to understand the terms mentioned in other provisions of the Migration Act that are co-related to the current provision. The prescribed conditions that are useful under this condition are prescribed in the regulation of 2.05(4) and the delegates are empowered to reject any application if those conditions have not been attracted[4]. A close interpretation of the term compelling has also been discussed in this case. It has been observed by the court in this case is that if the visa-holder has been faced any situation that has been cropped up after the visa has been allocated to him and the applicant has no control over the situation, only then the applicant can secure his position for the waiver ground. However, it has been observed that in case of any personal cause, the option for compelling cir cumstances could not be taken into account. In the Ramos case, all the compelling grounds that are shown and mentioned by the applicant are connected to her personal matter. It has been stated by her that she had a relation before and her partner was violent in nature. If her visa will be cancelled and she had to return to Philippines, where from she is actually belongs to, will change her life. There is a provision mentioned in this case that if the applicant can successfully shows the fact that she is unit for the travel or any of his close relative is in critical condition and permanent damage could be caused in his absence, the condition of no further stay can be waived. In her application, Ms Ramos has further been contended that her new partner is ill and she is afraid that in her absence, her partner can face severe attack. However, she has failed to show whether her absence may harm her partner on permanent basis. Therefore, the delegate has rejected the application on the s aid ground. A person under the condition of 8503 can take the plea that he needs a protection visa and he needs to show the grounds based on what he is apprehending that any misfortune can be happened to him[5]. However, the grounds should be reasonable enough to pass an order for the grant of these waive[6]. In this case, Ms Ramos has confessed that her previous partner was sadistic in nature and acted with her violently. She has been contended that he will attack her again if she goes back to Philippines. According to the delegates, these explanations made by Ms Ramos are not reasonable enough and she had failed to meet the criteria mentioned to this effect respectively. Further, these stated grounds could no attract the intervention power of the Ministry of Delegates that has been mentioned under section 351 of Migration Act[7]. Further, according to regulation of 2.05(4), the compelling grounds that have been raised must be cropped up after the visitors visa has been granted. Therefore, it has been suggested in the case that if the applicant has shown any personal ground or if the grounds mentioned by the applicant failed to meet the requirements mentioned in the regulation, waiver could not be granted in that case. It has also been mentioned in the case that the applicant should have no control over the adverse situation that could be cropped up if waiver not granted to him. In this case, Ms Ramos has been stated that her ex-partner is aggressive. However, from this case it could not be stated that she does not have any control on it. She can take effective steps regarding the same. Therefore, this provision has also not been attracted in this case. Therefore, it is advised to you that you should keep in mind that all your grounds are attracted the provisions of the same regulation and you have to rightly interpret the provisions accordingly. Regard References: Australia, Multicultural. "Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs." (2016). Beine, Michel, et al. "Comparing immigration policies: An overview from the IMPALA database."International Migration Review50.4 (2016): 827-863. Clibborn, Stephen. "Why undocumented immigrant workers should have workplace rights."The Economic and Labour Relations Review26.3 (2015): 465-473. Crock, Mary.Immigration and refugee law in Australia. Federation Press, 2018. Dauvergne, Catherine.Making people illegal: What globalization means for migration and law. Cambridge University Press, 2017. Missbach, Antje. "Making a" career" in people-smuggling in Indonesia: protracted transit, restricted mobility and the lack of legal work rights."Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia30.2 (2015): 423-454. Richards, Kelly, and Samantha Lyneham. "Help-seeking strategies of victim/survivors of human trafficking involving partner migration."Trends and issues in Crime and Criminal Justice468 (2014): 1-10. Clibborn, Stephen. "Why undocumented immigrant workers should have workplace rights."The Economic and Labour Relations Review26.3 (2015): 465-473. Crock, Mary.Immigration and refugee law in Australia. Federation Press, 2018. Australia, Multicultural. "Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs." (2016). Dauvergne, Catherine.Making people illegal: What globalization means for migration and law. Cambridge University Press, 2017. Richards, Kelly, and Samantha Lyneham. "Help-seeking strategies of victim/survivors of human trafficking involving partner migration."Trends and issues in Crime and Criminal Justice468 (2014): 1-10. Beine, Michel, et al. "Comparing immigration policies: An overview from the IMPALA database."International Migration Review50.4 (2016): 827-863. Dauvergne, Catherine.Making people illegal: What globalization means for migration and law. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

A Sustainable Scenario For Venezuelan Power Generation Sector

Question: A. selecting a producer country with a high potential of unconventional hydrocarbons' reserves, and reviewing the current position in terms of production. B. Analysing the exploration methods used by international oil companies and host governments to search for unconventional hydrocarbons and their suitability in terms of challenge and risk in light of the current price of crude oil. C. Discussing possible future trends as to how the unconventional oil and gas industry itself might respond to the current market for petroleum. Answer: Introduction Nowadays, conventional oil resources cannot meet the increasing demand of oil in the global markets. Therefore, oil industries and Governments are investing in unconventional oil sources which are produced or extracted by using different techniques. In this assignment, a brief discussion will be provided on several exploration methods used by international oil and gas companies. This assignment will also focus on Venezuela which has acquired 12th spot in the oil and gas production rankings. In spite of having huge oil and gas resources the country is currently facing some issues from its Government. Therefore, a recommendation is also included in the assignment. Current position of Venezuela in hydrocarbon reserves Oil Reserves Venezuela has most hydrocarbon reserves in the world, even higher than Russia, UnitedStates and Oman. Different methods can be used to find out hydrocarbon reserves of Venezuela. Evaluation of oil exported by Venezuela was found by the Fundamental Bank of Venezuela (BCV) and a government owned petroleum corporation namedPetroleos de Venezuela, SA (PDVSA). Their combined report states that Venezuela produced 3.1 million barrels of oil on daily basis in the first half of 2010, with exports of 2.4 mbd which is lower than 2.8 mbd in 2009[1].Current oil exports generate rate of Venezuela is $61 billion[2]. However, another report published by the association of the Petroleum Distributing Countries states that average oil manufactured was 2.3 mbd for 2010 in Venezuela with only 1.6 mbd in terms of exports[3]. PDVSA has denied these claims of OPEC by saying that OPEC figures did not include the production in the Orinoco Belt from where the country gets large deposits of extra heavy crude oi l. PDVSA hired a British firm inspectorate to verify its oil export levels to investigate the 1mbd difference between the figures of Venezuela and OPEC. That British inspectorate reported that Venezuela produced 2.3 mbd oil on average in the year of 2010 which was close to the official figures[4]. Venezuela has produced a total of 297 billion barrels till 1 January 2014 which was higher than any other country in the world[5]. Gasoline Venezuela is also known for producing the cheapest gasoline in the world. In 2011, the local gasoline price was 2.1 cents per liter or 8 cents per gallon at the official exchange rate. On the other hand, the international market price is 63.6 cents per liter. It is said that filling a tank costs cheaper than buying a can of soda in Venezuela[6]. Analysing the exploration methods used by international oil companies and host governments to search for unconventional hydrocarbons and their suitability in terms of challenge and risk in light of the current price of crude oil. Hydrocarbon exploration is a search by geologists for hydrocarbons stored beneath the Earths surface, such as oil and gas. Exploration related to oil and gas aregrouped under the science of petroleum geology. International oil companies and host governments use several methods to find out basic evidence of hydrocarbon generation in a location. Deciding where to drill can be considered as an art than a scientific method. The primary method of searching hydrocarbons starts with observing surface terrain. Location of the faults in the surface are very important as it indicates that potential structure traps may lie beneath the surface in reservoir rocks[7]. Observing anticlines is also a good idea as it also reveals the positions of structural traps. Mainly, three types of methods are commonly used to find out the location on hydrocarbons. Those methods are Geophysical Surveys, Remote Sensing and Wild Cat. Geophysical Survey Geophysical techniques such as electrical currents, anomalies related to gravitational force and magnetic force, heat flow, geochemical relationship and variations in density are used for petroleum explorations. Each technique serves to find out different set of characteristics which are used to find out hydrocarbons beneath the surface of earth. Remote Sensing Aerial photographs are used to locate and map surface features in the process which is called as Remote Sensing. Nowadays, satellite images are used as it shows larger areas on the surface of the earth. Satellites are used to capture picture from hundred miles up in the space but its features allow the scientists to see the pictures as large as possible[8]. Besides, satellite images allow the scientists to not only find out what human eyes cannot see but also help them to understand soil moisture, minerals and vegetation distribution and type of the soil. Another method of remote sensing method is using imaginary created from a radar looking at the ground which is called Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR). Some of these imaginaries are taken by aircrafts or space shuttles. For example, the image in figure 1 was taken in South America which is showing a place that has never been explored before[9]. Before this there were no accurate images of this region was available because this area remains covered with clouds. However, after this image was taken, new opportunities are made. Figure 1: Image taken by SLAR (Source: Lovejoy2015) Wildcat Another very efficient exploration method is Wildcat. In this method, a well is drilled in a new area where no other wells exist. The primary target of drilling the wells is to discover accumulation of hydrocarbons. Only one out of ten wells can find oil or gas where only one out of fifty wells can provide economically significant amounts. Most of the Wildcats are drilled on a hunch, intuition or on a small amount of geology. The location of wells are decided by the images taken by SLAR[10]. To save money Wildcat wells are drilled at a smaller diameter than normal wells to save money because an average onshore well costs 10m dollars at present. Exploration process of Crude oil On the other hand, process of recovering crude oil is much more complicated and cost effective. At first, a well is created by drilling a hole into the surface with the help of an oil rig. To provide strength to the structure a steel pipe is placed inside the well. After that, to allow the oil to pass easily through the base, a hole is created[11]. Collection valves and installed with this system to maintain pressure when the crude oil is pumped. Principal recovery The first stage of crude oil recovery is known as principal recovery stage. In this stage, under the base of the oil rig, the crude oil flows naturally. The underground pressure forces the crude oil to come up to the surface. If the pressure is not enough then an artificial lift can be used to pump the oil. Nearly five to fifteen percent oil can be recovered by using this process. Tributary recovery It is obvious that the natural flow of crude oil will reduce with time because of the underground pressure. Therefore, a backup process is used sometimes to extract crude oil from the well. A reservoir is used in this process that increases the pressure of the crude oil artificially[12]. Water or natural gas is injected into the well to drive the crude oil to the base where it becomes easy to pump the oil out. Using this process another 35-45 percent of oil can be recovered. Tertiary recovery Sometimes it becomes impossible to recover the crude oil using tributary process. Then, gas, chemicals and water are injected into the reservoir to increase the flow of crude oil. Then the oil can be collected to the surface[13]. Using this process, approximately five to fifteen percent oil can be recovered. Cost effectiveness of the processes The processes required recovering crude oil from beneath the surface including oil wells; equipment and facilities are highly cost effective. The total cost is called as production cost or lifting cost. The breakdown price of crude oil includes cost of production, cost for exploring and searching, oil well manufacturing cost, cost for transportation and selling and general expenses related to administration[14]. The total cost of recovering crude oil in the year of 2009 is shown in the below figure. Figure 2: Crude oil recovery cost (Source: Peery2013) According to Energy Information Administration (EIA), the report found in 2009 indicates that recovering crude oil cost $12 per barrel in 2009 in United States and $10 per barrel in Middle East. Crude oil recovery cost was $13 per barrel for Exxon Mobil in the year of 2013[15]. Discussing possible future trends as to how the unconventional oil and gas industry itself might respond to the current market for petroleum Dramatic drops in oil prices in the year of 2014 have forced the oil companies to restructure their 2015 plan to increase their efficiency which can deal with the storm of decreasing profits. Recently, WBH energy filed for bankruptcy which has forced many small and mid size companies to reassess their future[16]. Because of the drop in oil prices many supporting companies of oil and gas industry has taken cautious steps. Those companies have started to pull back by cancelling their orders for services and equipments needed. Companies that do not have that ability to deal with this crisis alone are merging with other companies to save themselves. For example, Baker Hughes was bought by Halliburton Co, for $34.6 billion last year which is known as the one of the largest takeovers of a US energy company[17]. However, some companies are planning to increase their spending plan to deal with the crisis. Encana is such a company that is planning to increase their spending plan from $2.7 billion to $2.9 billion in the year of 2015[18]. Enacana, however, had a tremendous advantage which allows them to take this step. Their low debt to equity ratio and its growth is supporting the company to survive in this critical situation. Companies are planning to improve their productivity by improving engineering practices and project planning. Most of the companies are also trying to reduce their supply chain cost by expanding their supplier base. The companies are now working together with their suppliers to figure out efficiencies. As the oil prices havegone down, oil and gas companies are looking for ways to reduce their organizational cost. According to[19], this is an easy job for the companies as most of them are using wrong methods and tools for drilling. Therefore, searching and choosing right methods will automatically reduce their cost. CEO of Packers Plus Energy Services have claimed that the company has a technology that can help other companies to increase productivity and decrease cost. On the other hand, companies like Halliburton Co. and Schulumber Ltd are forced to release technologies like microseismic sensors that can monitorfracks a kilometer underground. Oil price is going down which has forced the companies to increase their efficiency. Therefoee, the companies has implemented a shift in employment. For example, Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. is recruiting maximum number of workers who are highly trained and skillful to handle sophisticated technology. According to[20], since the oil prices has gone down, the oil and gas companies are receiving 4 times more resumes then normal times. However, unfortunately, the budget is diminishing therefore, the chances are high that unemployment among the low skilled workers will increase. Mr. Yager who is a national oil field services leader has stated that it is a bad news for the workers indeed but it will help the companies to survive the crisis. Because of the oil price drop, the competition among the oil companies has become fierce. As most of the companies are inefficient, no one can predict that who will survive and who will not. However, according to[21], the companies that are using all their resources to improve efficiency have the higher chances to survive. On the other hand, the companies that cannot cope up will fail. Issues of Venezuela in terms of oil and gas production in spite of Venezuelas strong hydrocarbon resources, the country is facing mainly two primary issues to maintain their production. Government of Venezuela is reinvesting oil and gas revenues into social programs rather than investing it into exploration, production and refining. Venezuelas state-run oil and gas company is known as Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. which was established in 1970. In 2002, a conflict between the company and the government led to a strike against the president Chavez. This strike brought the companys operations to a halt. Because of that strike, the company lost several technical expertise that has affected the oil and gas production of the country. Recommendation PDVSA should immediately look for more foreign investments as the government is not re-investing in oil and gas industry. Production from the country has slowed down as their not enough money to maintain operations. Oil produced in the region in quite heavy, therefore, blending lighter oils and using upgrades is important to transport the commodity into the market. Therefore, it is also recommended that PDVSA must expand their and improve their accessories and machineries to support the production. Future plans of Venezuela Venezuela is all set to take some major steps to secure their future in oil and gas industry. Venezuela is planning to set up a three dimensional energy strategy that will secure its economy Venezuela is also planning to open up its energy sector to consortia which is led by companies from India, Japan and Germany Venezuela by opening up its energy sector is planning to join hands with those countries which will help them to eliminate the shortage of investment in their oil and gas productions. Conclusion From the assignment, it is clear that current rules and regulations have changed the exploration methods of the international oil exploration companies. However, the reason for Venezuelas loss in production is their own government and their policy. Their government is not investing in oil and gas production purpose. The revenue the government is acquiring from oil and gas and production is being spent at social events. Therefore, PDVSA is not getting ample support to extend and enhance their ability to explore and produce more hydrocarbons. Because of these problems, the economy of the country is also coming down which has become the primary concern of Venezuela. Therefore, the Government is Venezuela and PDVSA jointly has taken some plans to secure their position in oil and gas markets. However, it is not clear that how the country will implement these ideas as the conflicts between the Government and PDVSA is still not finished. References Bautista S, 'A Sustainable Scenario For Venezuelan Power Generation Sector In 2050 And Its Costs' (2012) 44 Energy Policy Belonogov A and Kharchenko O, 'Accounting Concept Development For Exploration And Mineral Resources Appraising' (2014) 22 Journal International accounting Benes J and others, 'Accounting Concept Development For Exploration And Mineral Resources Appraising' (2015) 31(1) International Journal of Forecasting Esfahani H, Mohaddes K and Pesaran M, 'An Empirical Growth Model For Major Oil Exporters' (2014) 29(1) Journal of Applied Econometrics Fonseca Monteiro M, Rosa L and Szklo A, 'Will Venezuelan Extra-Heavy Oil Be A Significant Source Of Petroleum In The Next Decades?' (2016) 61 Energy Policy Gonzlez Cruz D, 'Hydrocarbons Reserves In Venezuela' (2008) 19 Energy Environment Khatib H, 'Oil And Natural Gas Prospects: Middle East And North Africa' (2016) 64 Energy Policy Ladopoulos E, 'Hydrocarbon Reserves Exploration By Real-Time Expert Seismology And Non-Linear Singular Integral Equations' (2012) 5 IJOGCT Laine J, 'Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Application Of Pyrogenic Carbon In Soil' (2013) 4(10) Journal of Environmental Protection Lovejoy W, Methods Of Estimating Reserves Of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, And Natural Gas Liquids (Routledge Revivals 2015) Mansilla D, Venezuela And The International Crisis (Palgrave Macmillan 2015) Martinelli G, Eidsvik J and Hauge R, 'Dynamic Decision Making For Graphical Models Applied To Oil Exploration' (2013) 230(3) European Journal of Operational Research McGonagle C and others, 'Development And Comparison Of Two Sampling Methods To Assess Dermal Exposure To Drilling Fluids And Crude Oil' (www.iom-world. org, 2016) https://www.iom-world. org/media/86861/iom-tm1301. pdf.2013 accessed 3 March 2016 Miller R and Sorrell S, 'The Future Of Oil Supply' (2014) 372 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Murphy D, 'The Implications Of The Declining Energy Return On Investment Of Oil Production' (2014) 372 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Peery A and Richards R, Geographic Layout Of Petroleum Drilling Data And Methods For Processing Data (Google Patents 2016) Qin Q and others, 'Oil And Gas Reservoir Exploration Based On Hyperspectral Remote Sensing And Super-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Detection' (2016) 10(1), Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Yusuf Y and others, 'A Relational Study Of Supply Chain Agility, Competitiveness And Business Performance In The Oil And Gas Industry' (2014) 147 International Journal of Production Economics [1]H Khatib, 'Oil And Natural Gas Prospects: Middle East And North Africa' (2016) 64 Energy Policy. [2]Marcelo Fonseca Monteiro, L Rosa and A Szklo, 'Will Venezuelan Extra-Heavy Oil Be A Significant Source Of Petroleum In The Next Decades?' (2016) 61 Energy Policy. [3]H.S Esfahani, K Mohaddes and M.H Pesaran, 'An Empirical Growth Model For Major Oil Exporters' (2014) 29(1) Journal of Applied Econometrics. [4]D Mansilla, Venezuela And The International Crisis (Palgrave Macmillan 2015). [5]Santiago Bautista, 'A Sustainable Scenario For Venezuelan Power Generation Sector In 2050 And Its Costs' (2012) 44 Energy Policy. [6]Diego Gonzlez Cruz, 'Hydrocarbons Reserves In Venezuela' (2008) 19 Energy Environment. [7]J Laine, 'Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Application Of Pyrogenic Carbon In Soil' (2013) 4(10) Journal of Environmental Protection. [8]G Martinelli, J Eidsvik and R Hauge, 'Dynamic Decision Making For Graphical Models Applied To Oil Exploration' (2013) 230(3) European Journal of Operational Research. [9]W.F Lovejoy, Methods Of Estimating Reserves Of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, And Natural Gas Liquids (Routledge Revivals 2015). [10]Q Qin and others, 'Oil And Gas Reservoir Exploration Based On Hyperspectral Remote Sensing And Super-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Detection' (2016) 10(1), Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,. [11]A.N Belonogov and O.N Kharchenko, 'Accounting Concept Development For Exploration And Mineral Resources Appraising' (2014) 22 Journal International accounting. [12]C McGonagle and others, 'Development And Comparison Of Two Sampling Methods To Assess Dermal Exposure To Drilling Fluids And Crude Oil' (www.iom-world. org, 2016) https://www.iom-world. org/media/86861/iom-tm1301. pdf.2013 accessed 3 March 2016. [13]E.G. Ladopoulos, 'Hydrocarbon Reserves Exploration By Real-Time Expert Seismology And Non-Linear Singular Integral Equations' (2012) 5 IJOGCT. [14]A.R Peery and R Richards, Geographic Layout Of Petroleum Drilling Data And Methods For Processing Data (Google Patents 2016). [15]A.R Peery and R Richards, Geographic Layout Of Petroleum Drilling Data And Methods For Processing Data (Google Patents 2016). [16]R.G Miller and S.R Sorrell, 'The Future Of Oil Supply' (2014) 372 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. [17]D Mansilla, Venezuela And The International Crisis (Palgrave Macmillan 2015). [18]Y.Y Yusuf and others, 'A Relational Study Of Supply Chain Agility, Competitiveness And Business Performance In The Oil And Gas Industry' (2014) 147 International Journal of Production Economics. [19]J Benes and others, 'Accounting Concept Development For Exploration And Mineral Resources Appraising' (2015) 31(1) International Journal of Forecasting. [20]G Martinelli, J Eidsvik and R Hauge, 'Dynamic Decision Making For Graphical Models Applied To Oil Exploration' (2013) 230(3) European Journal of Operational Research. [21]D.J Murphy, 'The Implications Of The Declining Energy Return On Investment Of Oil Production' (2014) 372 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

Essential Theories Of Motivation Leadership †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Essential Theories Motivation Leadership? Answer: Introducation Efficiency has played a pivotal role in human life with respect to the increasing and developing the economic circumstances. It is a critical fact that people own numerous talents, hidden abilities and potentials. These are required for the people to prove their efficiency at workplace and be successful. So, it can be argued that the people who do not have these abilities remain backward. To categorize according to the priorities, motivation can be counted in the first as it important for disclosing several known and unknown talents and powers in the most efficient way (Bolino et al. 2013). To have an impact of this talent the managers use certain motivational techniques in an organization to develop the hidden skills in an employee. These skills increase the efficacy of the employees which is beneficial for them in their social life and other enterprises. If the employees can practice these motivational techniques provided by their managers then they will be able to meet up to their expected outcome. According to DuBrin 2013, in this world, conjunctions such as the changes and advancements at the global and regional level are growing in an interesting way. But the fact that can be argued here is that the rapid growth and development not only has a positive impact on the organization but also affects in a negative way. To maintain with the negativities the organization needs to be driven by strong and decisive managers who will be able to assess the process well. As per the article, the techniques that are used by the managers for motivation purposes increase the efficiency of the employees in the workplace. Efficiency is undoubtedly the most important factor which has an impact on the success of the employee as well as the organization both in a positive and negative way. Efficiency is the most important factor and extremely valuable for enterprises. It is the indicator of the degree of success and the stability of an enterprise. Although the ever- changing environment provides i nnumerable scope for the organization yet there arises some crisis sometimes. It is recommended for the enterprise to make effective use of the opportunities which arises in the critical situation, and using the potential skills and resources should be able to reduce the risk with a minimum loss (Gelfand et al. 2017). The notion of efficiency can be measured and described almost in each and every socioeconomic system as it is the potential to produce. In the contemporary era of increasing competition, the organization should have a competitive advantage over others by making use of efficiency. High efficiency can be seen as a big challenge and the organization must be able to achieve that in any possible way. Efficiency either in micro or macro economy, is critical in various ways. It can be seen that the definition is not derived by any consensus but vary in many forms. The technological component should be equipped with integrity along with the organizational goal. The important part that should be taken into consideration is the situation of transportation, procuring raw materials, the economic structure of the place where the investment takes place, the national and international market scenario of the product that will be produced and the intra- business efficiency (Greenberg 2013). Irrespective of the sector, it is absolutely important for the organization to have operational efficiency. It has become the latest style of the people to be efficient in whatever they do. Efficiency can be attained by getting positive feedback which is valued in the social, economic, cultural and other fields. On the other hand it can be stated that efficiency is related to elimination of the prevailing problems, perception and implementing the necessary changes as opportunities by utilizing the resources and keeping the sense of intra- business service quality very high. It should also be taken into consideration that the best possible living conditions of the employees are maintained, by boosting the production by optimum costs, the hard work put for supplying the best living and working conditions for the employees by securing the natural and environment areas. Keeping aside all these factors, when effectiveness is measured, many factors should be kept in mind such as preparing the raw materials for production, using the core and auxiliary products necessary for production, shift timing and schedule of the employees, their salaries, the added value of the product, procurement of the raw materials and the cost of the raw materials which are present in the enterprise (Hildreth and Anderson 2016). The final step, that is, the process of output, takes place in the flawless and unrepeated production with the proper utilization of the skills of the enterprise. It can be argued at this juncture that, in case of efficiency, the connection between the input and the products are used for production. Efficiency is explained as the prevailing correlation between the attained products and the raw materials required for producing that attained product in the facility of production, necessary equipments, workforce, labor, capital and energy and a balanced using of the resources and the services. Thus, efficiency is, the appropriate utilization of the by combining the capital with technology and thus achieving the high level of the workforce labor and making the prudential investment for a place. It can be considered as the utilization of the factors such as resources, goods and services, raw material, labor, machines and equipments, capital, property, energy and material (Hoch and Kozlowski 2014). There can be many defects in the efficiency factor. It is calculated as the ratio of the incomes that is gained by production and service to the applied costs in that sector. Thus, it can be summed up as the ratio of the total revenue acquired after the sales of the product that was produced to the cost of production. It is the process of enhancing the sales by decreasing the prices to an optimum level due to the two factors of making more production in comparison to others and gaining high efficiency. But the fact is that if the dialogue between the employer and the employee is maximized, the employee agents will be improved in the organization which will further improve the relationship between the manager and the wage- owner (Hogg and Terry 2014). This effective relationship will have an impact on the intra- organizational efficiency by making successful production. The process of intra- organizational efficiency is gaining momentum and the production is gaining profit because of the investment which began by making production. The modern economic efficiency can, thus, be justified as the significance put in the years which was increased by the capital investments and thus, began the rising of life. It is feasible to describe the importance of efficiency by from various perspectives. In todays modern world of competitiveness, efficiency can be directly tallied with the organization and the containing human factors. It is important from every aspect of employees, managers, organization and also the community. In fact, employees are the most essential elements which have an impact on the enterprise. The other elements of efficiency, effect, benefit, productiveness are useless despite their significance, if the employees do not use them. This can lead to the problem of supplying of efficiency (Luthans, Luthans and Luthans 2015). Therefore, the role of the employees inside the enterprise remains the same. But, at the same time it is possible to distinguish the factors which affect the efficiency in two classifi cations- intra- business and extra- business. The intra business factors can be sorted as that affect the efficiency such as the system and structure of the organization, factory, machines and equipments. The extra business factors can be sorted as that affects the efficiency such as energy and equipment, business practice, technology and management approach. The causes of the reduction in efficiency in an enterprise are several. Unhealthy and unsafe working environment can be considered as one of them (Miner 2015). Unfavorable relations with the managers are another essential factor which gives scope to the organization to reach to the targeted goals and objectives. Negative relations between the colleagues do not provide a suitable working environment for the employees. So, it is required by the management of the organization to let the employees work peacefully and in harmony which will reduce the deficiency in each other. Another factor which can be taken into consideration is low motivation. It not only results in negativity of the employees productivity but also create unwillingness on the part of the employees to bring a task forward. Therefore, low motivation is directly proportional to low productivity (Pinder 2014). Low payment, on the other hand, leads to negative productivity on the part of the employees. Payment is of great s ignificance when it comes to maintain the satisfaction level of the employees in the organization. Employees can be retained if their effort can match up to the payment they are receiving. Low payment de- motivates the employees which in turn are related to low productivity on the part of the organization. Reference Bolino, M.C., Klotz, A.C., Turnley, W.H. and Harvey, J., 2013. Exploring the dark side of organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(4), pp.542-559. DuBrin, A.J., 2013.Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Gelfand, M.J., Aycan, Z., Erez, M. and Leung, K., 2017. Cross-cultural industrial organizational psychology and organizational behavior: A hundred-year journey.Journal of Applied Psychology,102(3), p.514. Greenberg, J. ed., 2013.Organizational behavior: The state of the science. Routledge. Hildreth, J.A.D. and Anderson, C., 2016. Failure at the top: How power undermines collaborative performance.Journal of personality and social psychology,110(2), p.261. Hoch, J.E. and Kozlowski, S.W., 2014. Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.Journal of applied psychology,99(3), p.390. Hogg, M.A. and Terry, D.J. eds., 2014.Social identity processes in organizational contexts. Psychology Press. Luthans, F., Luthans, B.C. and Luthans, K.W., 2015.Organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. IAP. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Spence, G.B. and Deci, E.L., 2013. Self?determination theory within coaching contexts: Supporting motives and goals that promote optimal functioning and well?being.Beyond goals: Effective strategies for coaching and mentoring, pp.85-108. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

Marrow of Tradition by Chestnutt free essay sample

The focus of the paper is on discrimination and racism in the South, and how these topics are handled in literature. This paper discusses issues of race and oppression in the novel, Marrow of Tradition. The author delves into the writing of Chesnutt to show that the sense of community created in this work is actually a false one. The focus of the paper is on discrimination and racism in the South, and how these topics are handled in literature. Throughout the course of our voyage through Southern Literature this semester, we have seen a wide scope of novels which hinge upon the characters relations with the community. The production of a sense of community is explored in several ways in each of the various novels of the time, but Chestnutts work, Marrow of Tradition, focuses mainly on a sense of community as it relates to racial issues. While other works such as Light in August deal with community in a more vague form and dealing with the sense of either a black or white community instead of the whole, Chestnutt uses his novel to show how the sense of community can easily fall apart. We will write a custom essay sample on Marrow of Tradition by Chestnutt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The novel intends to reveal that the Southern sense of community leads to an unhealthy collective rationalization when issues of race and power are raised.

Ownership Considered Equity And Ownership Considered Debt Essay Sample free essay sample

This work is due on Sunday February 24 @ Midnight in the Assignment # 3 booklet of Blackboard. Please post your work file. with your name in the file rubric. to the Assignment # 3 booklet in Blackboard. Question # 1: ( Twenty Points )Stockss( a ) . Why is stock ownership considered equity and bond ownership considered debt? In finance you can believe of equity as ownership in any plus after all debts associated with that plus are paid off. For illustration. a auto or house with no outstanding debt is considered the owner’s equity because he or she can readily sell the point for hard currency. Stockss are equity because they represent ownership in a company. When a company needs money. the solution is to raise money by publishing bonds to a public market. Thousands of investors so each lend a part of the capital needed. Truly. a bond is nil more than a loan for which you are the loaner. We will write a custom essay sample on Ownership Considered Equity And Ownership Considered Debt Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The organisation that sells a bond is known as the issuer. You can believe of a bond as an IOU given by a borrower ( the issuer ) to a loaner ( the investor ) . ( B ) . I am sing purchasing a stock. the stock has a beta coefficient of 1. 5. the current hazard free rate in the market topographic point ( 10 twelvemonth T-Notes ) is 3. 0 % . and the market hazard premium is 5 % . What is the needed rate of return on this firm’s stock? ?stock = 1. 5RFR = . 003Rmarket = . 05Tocopherol ( R ) = the needed rate of return Tocopherol ( R ) = RFR + ?stock ( Rmarket – RFR )Tocopherol ( R ) = 0. 03 + 1. 5 ( 0. 05 – 0. 03 )Tocopherol ( R ) = 0. 03 + 1. 5 ( 0. 02 )Tocopherol ( R ) = 3. 06 % Question # 2: ( Twenty Points )Sexton Inc. is sing Projects S and L. whose hard currency flows are shown below. These undertakings are reciprocally sole. every bit hazardous. and non quotable. Please find the NPV. IRR. Profitability Index and Payback for these two Undertakings. WACC: 10. 25 %Year 0 1 2 3 4CFS $ 2. 050 $ 750 $ 760 $ 770 $ 780CFL $ 4. 300 $ 1. 500 $ 1. 518 $ 1. 536 $ 1. 554 Question # 3: ( Twenty Points )A stock is expected to pay a dividend of $ 0. 75 at the terminal of the twelvemonth. The needed rate of return is rs = 10. 5 % . and the expected changeless growing rate is g = 6. 4 % . What is the stock’s current monetary value? D1 = $ 0. 75R = 10. 5 %g = 6. 4 %Po = Stock Current monetary value Po = D1/ ( rs – g )Po = $ 0. 75/ ( . 105 – . 064 )Po = $ 18. 29 Question # 4: ( Twenty Points )You were hired as a adviser to Giambono Company. whose mark capital construction is 40 % debt and 60 % common equity. The firm’s involvement rate on debt is 8. 0 % and their revenue enhancement rate is 25 % . The cost of common equity utilizing retained net incomes is 12. 75 % . What is its WACC? rD = . 008Tc = . 25D/V = . 40rhenium = . 1275E/V = . 60 WACC = rd ( 1-Tc ) * ( D/V ) +re* ( E/V )WACC = . 008 ( 1- . 25 ) * . 40+ . 1275* . 60WACC = . 0024+ . 0765WACC = 7. 89 % Question # 5: ( Twenty Points )( a ) . Which of the followers is NOT a relevant hard currency flow and therefore should non be reflected in the analysis of a capital budgeting undertaking? a. Changes in net working capital.B. Transportation and installing costs.c. Cannibalization effects.d. Opportunity costs.e. Sunk costs that have been expensed for revenue enhancement intents. ( B ) . A company is sing a new undertaking. The CFO plans to cipher the project’s NPV by gauging the relevant hard currency flows for each twelvemonth of the project’s life ( i. e. . the initial investing cost. the one-year operating hard currency flows. and the terminal hard currency flow ) . so dismissing those hard currency flows at the company’s overall WACC. Which one of the undermentioned factors should the CFO be certain to INCLUDE in the hard currency flows when gauging the relevant hard currency flows? a. All sunk costs that have been incurred associating to the undertaking. B. All involvement disbursals on debt used to assist finance the undertaking. c. The investing in working capital required to run the undertaking. even if that investing will be recovered at the terminal of the project’s life. d. Sunk costs that have been incurred associating to the undertaking. but merely if those costs were incurred prior to the current twelvemonth. e. Effectss of the undertaking on other divisions of the house. but merely if those effects lower the project’s ain direct hard currency flows.

MILLS Surname Meaning and Family History

MILLS Surname Meaning and Family History The MILLS surname is a last name often bestowed originally on someone who worked in a mill (occupational) or lived near a mill (descriptive). The name derives from the Middle English mille, milne, coming from the  Old English mylen and  the Latin molere, meaning to grind. The mill served a crucial role in most medieval settlements, built to pump water or grind grain. Another possible meaning derives from the Gaelic Milidh, meaning soldier.   See also the MILLER surname. Surname Origin: English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MILNE, MILL, MILLIS, MILLE, MILNE, MULL, MILLMAN, MULLEN, MUELEN, VERMEULEN, MOULINS, DESMOULINS Famous People With the Surname MILLS John Mills (born  John Lewis Ernest Watts Mills) - Beloved English actorC. Wright Mills - American sociologistHayley Mills - English actress and daughter of Sir John MillsJohn Stuart Mill - 19th century social and political philosopherJames Mill  (born James Milne)  - Scottish philosopher, historian, and economist  Darius Ogden Mills - American banker, philanthropist and Gold Rush adventurerBertram Wagstaff Mills - British owner of the Bertram Mills Circus Where Is the MILLS  Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from  Forebears, the Mills surname today is most prevalent in the United States. Its use is fairly evenly distributed across the country, with a slightly higher incidence in some of the states where early milling was common, including North Carolina, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Indiana. Surname maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicate the Mills surname is especially common in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Within the UK, Mills is found in greatest numbers in England and Northern Ireland. Genealogy Resources for the Surname MILLS Tips and tricks for researching your MILLS ancestors online. Mills FamilyTreeDNA Project WebsiteThe Mills DNA Surname Project began in October of 2002 and has a large number of participants collaborating in using DNA testing in combination with traditional genealogy research in an effort to identify their common MILLS ancestors. Men with surnames such as  Mills,  Miles, Mull, Milne, Desmoulins, Mullins, Meulen, Vermeulen and Moulins men are encouraged to participate in this Y-DNA surname project. Genealogy of a Mills FamilyA genealogy for one branch of the Mills family that migrated from Virginia to New Hampshire and Maine, compiled by several researchers of the Mills family. Mills  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Mills  family crest or coat of arms for the Mills surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. MILLS  Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Mills  surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Mills query. FamilySearch - MILLS  GenealogyExplore over 4  million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Mills surname and variations on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Mills  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Mills surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Mills Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Mills surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Violation of the Rights of the Child. Essays - Foreign Relations

Violation of the Rights of the Child. Essays - Foreign Relations Violation of the Rights of the Child. The Provisions of CRC The Convention on the Rights of the Child sets out basic human rights that children every where have. These are the right to survival; to develop to the fullest; to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation; and to participate fully in family, cultural and social life. The Convention protects children's rights by setting standards in health care; education; and legal, civil and social services. States that ratify the Convention are obliged to develop and undertake all actions and policies in the light of the best interests of the child. A child is a defined as a human being below the age of eighteen years. Rights conferred on children by the convention should be made available by the states irrespective of any discrimination. A child should be registered immediately after birth; has a right to a name and a right to acquire a "nationality" " State parties should protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse neglect or negligent treatment' maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse, while in the care of parents legal guardians or any other person who has the care of the child" (article 19) State parties recognize "the right of the child to education, make primary education compulsory and available free to all etc., (article 28/11) States parties shall ensure that school discipline is administered in a manner consistent with the child's human dignity and in conformity with the convention. (article 28, (2) ), State parties shall protect the child from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be harmful to child's health or physical mental spiritual moral or social development (Article 32) The Convention also prohibits subjecting a child to "torture or other cruel, inhuman or defrauding treatment or punishment (37a) Country Incidents It is now sought to examine the extent of incidents that impinge on rights of children in several country contexts. Sri Lanka is a state party to CRC and ILO Convention 182 on Elimination of worst forms of child labour. A child activity survey undertaken in 1999 by the state found 11000 children between 5 and 14 working full time and another 15,000 engaged in housekeeping. Survey found 450,000 children employed by families in seasonal agriculture. Measures are being designed to overcome the worst forms of child labour and effect changes to the law. Various estimates of child recruitment as soldiers are being monitored by UNICEF. With escalation of war it is feared large numbers are exposed to recruitment by rebel groups. Sri Lanka has set up a National Child Protection Committee to undertake measures against trafficking of children; create awareness programmes on abuse and denial of child rights for the Police Judiciary and Higher Judiciary (Source: Sri Lanka State of Human Rights 2005; Law and Society Trust ISDN 955-9026-99-9, P 260-265) A report on street children in Moscow recalls problem of "Street kids", most of whom run away from their parents. "Experts say" existing system of child welfare must not be expanded but reformed. It has been observed that the vast majority of today's street "urchins" have run away from living parents who drink heavily have no means to feed their kids or routinely abuse them" Ternovskaya from Education Ministry working group going by UK experience recommends 50-70 social workers should work at every low level municipality now staffed by only one or two persons. A family code should enable local authorities to intervene with troubled families. There is also a fear violation of child rights prevails in privately run shelters. There is a proposal to develop a juvenile justice system where officers are specially trained and not burdened by other cases and may intervene with supportive measures. (source:- http/www.hrc.ca/children/street/russia/jan02.shtml/sventlana korkina) Helena William and John Deane from PA news, reports that two influential Parliamentary Committees in UK urged that "parents should be banned from smacking their children" Such measures will help to close the "reasonable chastisement" defense now often relied upon by abusers. Yet a ban from smacking should not be a response to child abuse in the light of death of 8 year old Victoria who died at the hands of her great aunt of hypothermia, malnourishment and 128 separate injuries on her body after suffering months of abuse from her care. It is reported that approximately 80 children in England die from abuse each year. Reforms to the law are being considered as "hitting children is wrong" interests of children's rights and child protection call for re examination of concept of "reasonable chastisement" (source: http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/article 110187.ecl) 37 media personal and academicians participating

Commonplace Books and Their Uses

Commonplace Books and Their Uses A commonplace book is a writers personal collection of quotations, observations, and topic ideas. Also known as topos koinos (Greek) and locus communis (Latin). Called florilegia (flowers of reading) in the Middle Ages, commonplace books were especially popular during the Renaissance and well into the 18th century. For some writers, blogs serve as contemporary versions of commonplace books. Examples and Observations It was none other than the foremost Humanist of his day, Erasmus, in his De copia of 1512, who set the mold for making commonplace books, in a passage advising how to store collections of illustrative examples in retrievable form. One should make oneself a notebook divided by place-headings, then subdivided into sections. The headings should relate to things of particular note in human affairs or to the main types and subdivisions of vices and virtues.-(Ann Moss, Commonplace Books. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. by T.O. Sloane. Oxford University Press, 2001)Cobbled together by literate people, commonplace books served as repositories for whatever someone thought fit to record: medical recipes, jokes, verse, prayers, mathematical tables, aphorisms, and especially passages from letters, poems, or books.(Arthur Krystal, Too True: The Art of the Aphorism. Except When I Write. Oxford University Press, 2011)Clarissa Harlowe. Have read 1/3 of. Long books, when read, are usually overpraised, because the reader wants to convince others and himself that he has not wasted his time.(E.M. Forster in 1926, excerpt from Commonplace Book, ed. by Philip Gardner. Stanford University Press, 1988) Reasons to Keep a Commonplace Book Professional writers still carry notebooks that resemble commonplace books. In keeping with this practice, we suggest that aspiring rhetors carry a notebook with them so that they can write down ideas that occur to them while they are engaged in doing other things. And when you are reading, or talking, or listening to others, you can use the notebook as a commonplace book, writing down comments or passages that you want to remember, copy, or imitate.(Sharon Crowley and Debra Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004)The commonplace book derived its name from the ideal of a common place where useful ideas or arguments might be gathered. . . .[T]here are still good reasons for writers to keep commonplace books the old-fashioned way. In copying by hand a masterful construction from another writer, we can inhabit the words, grasp their rhythms and, with some luck, learn a little something about how good writing is made. . . .Author Nicholson Baker writes of keepi ng a commonplace book that it makes me a happier person: My own bristling brain-urchins of worry melt in the strong solvent of other peoples grammar. Its a lovely passage, and I couldnt help entering it into my own commonplace book.(Danny Heitman, A Personal Trove of Prose. The Wall Street Journal, October 13-14, 2012) William H. Gass on Ben Jonsons Commonplace Book When Ben Jonson was a small boy, his tutor, William Camden, persuaded him of the virtue of keeping a commonplace book: pages where an ardent reader might copy down passages that especially pleased him, preserving sentences that seemed particularly apt or wise or rightly formed and that would, because they were written afresh in a new place, and in a context of favor, be better remembered, as if they were being set down at the same time in the memory of the mind. Here were more than turns of phrase that could brighten an otherwise-gloomy page. Here were statements that seemed so directly truthful they might straighten a warped soul on seeing them again, inscribed, as they were, in a childs wide round trusting hand, to be read and reread like the propositions of a primer, they were so bottomed and basic.(William H. Gass, A Defense of the Book. A Temple of Texts. Alfred A. Knopf, 2006) Commonplace Books and the Web John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Coleridge and Jonathan Swift all kept [commonplace] books, copying down proverbs, poems and other wisdom they encountered while reading. So did many women, often excluded from public discourse at the time. By appropriating others nuggets, writes cultural historian Robert Darnton, you made a book of your own, one stamped with your personality.In a recent Columbia University lecture, the writer Steven Johnson drew parallels between commonplace books and the web: blogging, Twitter and social bookmarking sites such as StumbleUpon are often held to have sparked a renaissance of the form. . . . As with commonplace books, this linking and sharing create not just a hodgepodge, but something coherent and original: When text is free to combine in new, surprising ways, new forms of value are created.(Oliver Burkeman, Make a Book of Your Own. The Guardian, May 29, 2010)

Food in the Pentateuch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Food in the Pentateuch - Essay Example It is difficult for us in a modern society with such variety of choices and convenience associated with our consumption of food to fully appreciate the day-to-day labor that was required just to get enough food to stay alive in these ancient societies. For many in ancient civilizations, hunger and starvation were only a drought or a poor harvest away. A lack of medicine for herds of animals meant the spread of disease meant flocks could be decimated in a short span of time. These precarious circumstances mad food an especially powerful subject to use symbolically. The recognition that God’s pleasure or displeasure could be measured by good or bad harvests links the earthly need for physical sustenance to the divine nature of God. In many ways, food is the perfect medium to use for symbolic teaching of great spiritual truths. From the very beginning of creation, food has been used as a symbol of the forbidden and the allowable, the sacred and the profane. The Garden of Eden, created for the first man and woman to inhabit was a place brimming with food and fruit of all sorts. Adam and Eve were invited by God to partake of any fruit they wished, save one. Adam in this sense is portrayed as a sort of farmer without labor. Fruit was produced spontaneously in the garden as a symbol of Gods immense goodness and his love for the creatures of the creation. The guidance given to the first man and woman were to live freely in the garden and to avoid only the fruit of the tree that would give Adam and Eve knowledge of good and bad. Without the partaking of this so-called forbidden fruit, Adam and Even would have dwelt eternally in a state of close association with God. However, their existence would have been one without growth and without true free will. They would have remained as obedient children, never underst anding the true nature of obedience or

Causes of school Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes of school Violence - Essay Example In this paper, I am going to argue that domestic abuse, anger, overcrowded schools, medical problems, and gang activities cause school violence. First, school violence is caused by domestic violence. This is because the students who face a lot of domestic violence at home become violent too. Domestic violence include insults and physical violence. The students who face this problem at home become violent and therefore become dangerous at school. Students who are abused at home carry this violent attitude to their school and start molesting the other students (â€Å"School Violence† web). Such students accept domestic violence as a way of life and thus they see it as normal to molest fellow students in school. The schools that have many students are likely to have more violence. Overcrowded schools especially the schools that are in low income areas report many cases of school violence. We can argue that overcrowding in schools makes it difficult for teachers and school management to control students. Therefore, the students get the chance to molest and beat other students since it is difficult to catch them (â€Å"Constitutional Rights Foundation† web). Maintaining discipline in overcrowded schools is also difficult and thus, many students will have discipline issues which results to school violence. It is also true that overcrowded schools get students from poor and low income families. It is claimed that â€Å"Race and ethnicity, income levels, and other measurable elements have often been singled out by public heath experts as risk factors that can contribute to anti-social behavior, from smoking and drinking to violent behavior and suicide† (â€Å"Constitutional Rights Foundation† web). For example, children from low income families and slums attend overcrowded schools. Since there is a lot of violence in low income families and slum neighborhoods, students coming from these neighborhoods bring violence

Without Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Without - Assignment Example These new policies drained the reserves but were instrumental in activating the lender of last resort policy. Compare the Feds response in the 2007–2009 financial crisis to its response to the economic downturn of the 1930s, and how its actions in 2008 helped prevent a repeat of the earlier economic downturn. (5 points) The two crises are very similar, the cost of housing shot up in the 2007 – 2009 crises and the cost of gold had shot up in the downturn of the 1930s. Roosevelt’s New deal policy was just like the bailout that happened recently. The bailout helped the economy regain its stability and also catered for the causes of the crisis. As such, there would be no repeat of the same. Your brother knows you are taking a class in money and financial institutions and shows you the yield curves for December 4 and December 7, 2007. He asks you what might explain the shift in the curve between these two dates. What do you tell him? (5 points) Discuss the relationship between consumption growth and the returns to NASDAQ. What impact does this have on the AE curve? Using this, what do you think happened to real GDP from 1991 to 2000? (5 points) Consumption growth leads to an increase of return for NASDAQ. This causes a rise on the AE curve due to the increased productivity of the population and the need for more in consumption. The real GDP has had a constant growth over the decade running from 1991 to 2000. In the 1990s, Japan suffered what is called a â€Å"lost decade† of economic growth. In 2007–2009, the United States suffered through the worst recession since the Great Depression. Compare the causes and impact of each of these two countries experiences. (10 points) The experiences were caused by the bubble collapse, in asset price for Japan and housing for the United States. In both cases, thee was investment in the too big to fail institutions and their losses led to crises. There were

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 19

Management - Essay Example The company’s mission/vision is to conquer the market for science-based imaginative products that could be used at various places of human endeavors. (ii) Weakness: The Company’s major weakness is marketing thousands of imaginative products at a time (3M Corporation, 2009a). This would prevent concentrated effort to develop a unique brand that would only be associated with the company. (iv) Threats: The main threats to the success of the 3M are the local companies in the countries where 3M operate or sell its products. There would be cost advantage for the local companies when compared with 3M The company is an equal opportunity employer: that is, there is no discrimination based on race, color, age, gender and religious affiliations. And an international company, it supports all the rules given by International Labor Organization (ILO) for fair and equitable treatment for all 3M employees worldwide. The remuneration for 3M workers are one of the best in the United States; and the company doesn’t discriminate based on employee’s race, color, religious affiliations etc. There are generous benefits those working for 3M Corporation could enjoy: these include health policy, education financial aids and pensions. The Company prides itself on values, ethics and integrity. Interested applicants that would like to work for 3M are always encouraged to turn in their resumes through post or apply online. The selection criteria reveal that 3M values experience and skill acquired by the applicant rather than their physical appearance. One of the good attributes of 3M Corporation is that it offers encouraging incentives and monetary rewards to retain its best employees, and develop them through routine training, workshops and seminars to let them be abreast of the latest information in the industry. Quality assurance

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Strategic Management - Essay Example Cutting a niche in the market and expanding it will enable MC Industries Company to prepare for the competition in the industry. This will involve formulation of the strategies that will attract the customers into the company as opposed to the rival companies. It will entail performing a market research analysis to identify the brands which the target market appreciates and the need that should be addressed to the bridge the market gap. After that, the company will design products to suit the needs and preferences of the customers and then carry out advertisement of the products to inform the market of the availability of the new product in the market. The most important thing to note here is that the market share will be increased as the company is able to brand its products favorably compared to the rival companies. The company has set out strategies that will enable it to make competent adjustments in the market in order to facilitate expansion and increase future investment. The company has set out the objectives to maintain high standards of marketing and improve the secondary advertisements in order to expand the market share. The target is to earn 20% of the market share. To achieve this, several measures have been put in place. First, the company is organizing its operation in way to facilitate entry of the company into the market. Teams are formed and assigned corporate responsibilities which are mandated with different functions such as market survey formulate marketing strategies, choose target segmentation, branding of products for each target segment, market testing to evaluate the level of MC Industries Company competiveness, review of the brands and redesigning of the brands based on the information got from testing the market. This information will be used in the future investment of the company which will ensure tactful expansion into the wider market

Promoting Healthy Eating Habits in Second Graders Essay Example for Free

Promoting Healthy Eating Habits in Second Graders Essay This paper is geared toward promoting education of healthy eating habits of second grade students. According to Blais and Hayes, â€Å"Healthy People 2010 define Health Promotion as individual and community activities to promote healthful lifestyles. These healthful lifestyles include the improvement of nutrition in America† (p.120). The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), an organization of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, has provided the necessary tools to help guide and promote healthy eating habits through conducting research and evidence based analysis in nutrition. USDA Food Guidance System known as MyPlate, MyPyramid, or the Food Guide Pyramid are used to educate the public and offer information on the recommended nutritional guides on weight management, caloric intake, physical activity, and health tips for specific ages and health conditions. The Dietary Guidelines of Americans 2010 have set guidelines used to promote healthy eating to the American people of all cultures, traditions and socioeconomic background. These guidelines encourage the consumption of nutritional foods, which include fresh vegetable and fruit, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products, a variety of protein rich foods, which include lean meats, seafood, nuts and legumes (p.46). The emphasis of these principles will be used towards the promotion of health through the development, implementation and evaluation of a teaching plan on healthy eating habits to second graders, between the ages of 7-9 in a their classroom setting using the MyPlate educational teaching tools. Assessment of Learning Needs The second grade learning group consisted of fourteen children ages 7-9. An interactive class activity was presented using different items which  consisted of each food group using the MyPlate teaching concept. The children were asked to identify the food item they preferred unhealthy versus the healthy choice. The children’s knowledge on making healthy food choices was assessed at this time. It was assessed that 72% of the children preferred the food item that was unhealthy, while 28% made healthier selections. Although some of the children made healthy choices the majority of the group made unhealthy food selections. Prior to presenting the teaching plan the teacher reviewed the material to assure it would be understood by the second graders. Their developmental level was confirmed to be within the second grader learning ability in communication and understanding. None of the children required special learning needs. Two of the children wore corrective lenses, which did not inhibit their ability to participate in the activity. Cultural consideration was assessed by asking the children their race and the different kinds of food that is cooked at home. Two children were multicultural of Hispanic origin and specific food items commonly eaten at home were placed into its specific food group. The second graders first language was English. None of the children expressed specific spiritual practices as pertaining to eating habits or customs. The second graders preferred an interactive learning style which included: demonstration, answering and asking questions, and coloring activity. The second graders were enthusiastic and expressed eagerness to learn and share the information with their parents. The overall health status of the second graders was good. There were a few that expressed having allergies or respiratory problems. Learner Objectives The learning objectives for the promotion of healthy eating plan are as follows: A. Affective Domain: The students are willing to actively participate by listening and responding to the instructor’s presentation on healthy eating habits and engage in group activity. B. Cognitive Domain: Each student will be able to choose three healthy food items specific for each of the five food groups and describe three ways healthy eating nourishes the body and benefits of staying physically active. C. Psychomotor Domain: The students will select and identify the food item that is more beneficial for their health with given activity. Teaching Plan The teaching plan to be implemented includes the following presentation, which incorporates the current lunch menu offered to the students in school: A. MyPlate five food group and drink option was presented and the students are asked to choose which food item is eaten daily unhealthy versus healthy items included: 1. Fruit group: Selection of fresh fruit (banana, apple, orange strawberries, etc.) or a fruit cup 2. Grain group: Selection of French fries, potato chips, baked potato or wheat or white bread sandwich 3. Vegetable group: Selection of fresh carrots, salad, celery or canned carrots, corn 4. Protein group: Selection of fried chicken nuggets or baked chicken nuggets, burger or subway sandwich 5. Dairy group: Selection of whole milk or low fat milk, cheese or yogurt 6. Drinks: Water, Capri Sun or Juice box Each individual student will be encouraged to participate and other specific items not listed will be placed in the classified food group in order to address all individual needs. B. MyPlate nutritional guidelines reviewed with the students and open questions answered. 1. The School Day just got Healthier article discussion of the 10 tips for Nutrition Education Series includes awareness of healthier school meals for children, inclusion of more fruits and vegetables daily, along with whole-grain rich foods. The offering of a variety of low fat and fat free milk, reducing saturated fats and salt, increase in water intake. Meeting caloric needs through portion sizes, development of wellness programs, making better food choices and resources available to parents. 2. Emphasis on each food group with interactive group participation to name at least three healthy food items of choice 3. Name how healthy eating benefits the brain, heart and digestion, along with getting at least 60 minutes of exercise daily. C. Students will identify or select the healthier food items offered introduced at the beginning of presentation. 1. Choose MyPlate coloring activity will allow for a visual picture to reinforce the five food groups in a simple manner. 2. Draw three healthy food items on their MyPlate activity sheet. 3. Reinforce healthy eating habits with a take home pamphlet for the parents that describe 10 tips for healthy snacking. Evaluation of Teaching and Learning Evaluation of teaching and learning strategies were accurate, clear and appropriate for the second grade students. The teaching plan was simple and interactive to meet each individual learning need. The health promotion plan and activity outlined can be followed to teach other second grade students the importance of healthy eating habits using the free resources and information available on the website Choosemyplate.gov MyPlate Kid’s Place. The evaluation of learner objectives was measured by having the students re-evaluate their previous food item choice and compare it to the healthier food item. The scores were significantly higher were 92% the students identified and selected healthier food items listed. Open class discussion was used to determine if the teaching strategies used were appropriate for the students. The students expressed understanding and enjoying the class, the activities used and having a parent teaching the class. Positive feedback was given by the teacher present and students. The students were comfortable in their classroom setting, which is the appropriate environment for learning. The health promotion event was successful and effective in educating second grade students on healthy eating habits. The students expressed eagerness to share the resource pamphlet with their parents. The information shared would have been more effective and beneficial if the second graders parents were present, but studies show that second graders are influential in assisting parents make healthy eating choices for them with the information they learn. References Blais, K. K., Hayes, J. S. (2011). Professional nursing practice: concepts and perspectives (6th ed.), New Jersey: Pearson U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 2010 Jacksonville University College of Health Sciences (2012). School of nursing mission. Retrieved March 25, 2014 from http://www.ju.edu/COHS/Pages/School-of-Nursing-Mission.aspx Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office of the Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, May 2014. Retrieved from http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2010/DietaryGuidelines2010.pdf U.S. Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov Website. Washington, DC. Color Sheet. Retrieved April 18, 2014 from http://www.choosemyplate.gov/kids/downloads/ColoringSheet.pdf U.S. Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov Website. Washington, DC. School Day Just Got Healthier. Retrieved April 18, 2014 from http://www.choosemyplate.gov/foodgroups/downloads/TenTips/DGTipsheet21SchoolDayJustGotHealthier.pdf

Lean or Agile Principles in Ryanair’s Operations

Lean or Agile Principles in Ryanair’s Operations This section of the report analyses to what extent lean or agile principles in Ryanairs operations have been applied, adhered to and how these principles have contributed to the companys successful performance. Lean Operations According to Womack and Jones (2003), a company serves its customers for a certain purpose and fulfils a specific customer need. This is achieved through single processes which are in turn carried out by people the companys employees. The idea of lean operations derives from the notion that all these individual processes within a companys operations need to create value for the customer. If, however, a single process cannot be identified to add additional value, then, under a lean operations principle, this process can be considered as wasteful and should be cut out of operations. (Sutherland and Bennett, 2008; Womack and Jones, 2003) Since a lean operations process aims to remove unnecessary and no value-adding activities, it has been argued by Aitken, Christopher and Towill (2002) that the lean operations principle might be more suitable for products and services with rather constant demand and a low degree in variation. Mason-Jones, Naylor and Towill (2000) go even one step further and argue that the lean principle should primarily be applied for commodity products or services. Ryanair and the Lean Operations Principle With the above definitions in mind, a clear line to Ryanairs operations can be drawn.The company has shaped the European air-travel market and has largely contributed to the fact that air travel has been viewed more as a commodity service in recent years. Especially at Ryanair, air travel is viewed as a means of transportation, bringing their customers from point A to point B without any additional service offerings almost purely a commodity service. (Strategic Direction, 2004) With its low-cost model and its definition of air travel as a commodity service in mind, Ryanair has deliberately been striving to remove all activities from their operations which do not add customer value in the light of this definition; such activities have been described as wasteful by Sutherland and Bennett (2008) and have been grouped into seven distinct categories. Based upon these different categories, an analysis of Ryanairs lean operations model follows: In terms of Ryanairs business model, overproduction can be seen as any additional service offerings other than pure transportation. Ryanair succeeded in making its customers only demand for the pure transportation service from the company. It rigorously cuts out passenger service; food, drinks as well as baggage serviceare only available at extra cost while multi-class airplanes and inflight entertainment have been eliminated completely. (Strategic Direction 2004; Strategic Direction, 2006) Delay/Waitingis time that is lost between two activities that do add value (Sutherland and Bennett, 2008). In order to remove waste resulting from waiting, Ryanair tries to keep an airplanes time on ground, that is its turnaround time, as short as possible. This is achieved by exclusively serving smaller, secondary airports with lower traffic. In addition, minimal catering activities need to be performed and baggage handling is simplified because there is no through checking to other flights. (McCormick, 2010; Strategic Direction, 2006) Transportation/Conveyanceactivities can be sustained valuable by applying point-to-point operations in contrast to hub and spoke operations applied by many large national carriers. This system reinforces Ryanairs commitment to bring its passengers from A to B and not to intervene in their possible onward journeys. (McCormick, 2010; Strategic Direction, 2004) Motionat Ryanair can be seen as unnecessary steps in the middle of an operating process; the company removed such a step by means of disintermediation in its ticket-selling process. At the beginning, flights were sold over the phone whiletoday the company almost exclusively sells its flights through its homepage, hence avoiding the involvement oftravel agencies completely. (McCormick, 2010; Strategic Direction, 2004) Inventories are greatly reduced and more easily controlled by only using one aircraft type, the Boeing 737-800. Through such fleet standardisation, spare parts for maintenance can be acquired in bulk and used throughout the entire fleet (Strategic Direction, 2004). Furthermore, staff utilisation can be increased since all employees are able to operate on the entire fleet, increasing flexibility in operations.(Human Resource Management International Digest, 2007; McCormick, 2010) Ryanair reduces wasted space by using its capacity on each flight efficiently. By selling seats for different prices, varying according to season, time of the day and time of booking the company strives to minimise the number of lost capacity in terms of empty seats (Human Resource Management International Digest, 2007). Furthermore, at the airport, Ryanairs check-in areas are reduced to a minimum since a large part of check-in can be performed over the internet by the customer. Despite their late popularity, self-service check-in machines are not used by Ryanair since they consume additional space and represent one additional unnecessary step in the companys operations. (McCormick, 2010) Finally, the concept of reducingerrors in Ryanairs operations can be interpreted in two ways. Firstly, employee utilisation in the company is very high. Employees are responsible for carrying out a variety of different tasks; flight attendants not only sell refreshments on board, they are also required to assist in the cleaning and baggage handling process when necessary. This allows the company for more control over a variety of processes because employee involvement is higher. (McCormick, 2010) Secondly, processes that are not core to the company are outsourced and performed by specialists like check-in or baggage handling services. Using their expertise reduces the risk of errors and keeps the number of employees within the company low. (McCormick, 2010 This analysis shows that Ryanair clearly puts a lean operations strategy at the heart of its processes, resulting in doing more with less (Aitken, Christopher and Towill, 2002, p.61) to achieve its goal for customers. A Limitation to the Lean Approach As the preceding discussion shows, Ryanair has succeeded in converting their service offer to a commodity applying a lean approach and exploiting its benefits. However, it has been argued by Polito and Watson (2006) that a lean approach might get to its limits as soon as customer demand is increasing since not enough resources are available in order to meet changing demand. In the case of Ryanair a standardised fleet might represent such a limit. If demand on a certain route increases sharply, Ryanair might find it difficult to react instantly with increased capacity; as larger aircrafts are not available, a simple aircraft change for a given flight in order to increase capacity is not possible. Instead, an additional flight on the given route might be considered which involves negotiating extra landing rights (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2005). Agility and Ryanair A Conclusion The previous example shows that Ryanair, with its high degree of leanness in process operations, might find it difficult to react to sudden, unforeseen changes in the environment instantly; such reactions require a company to be agile and have certain resources at hand that can be considered wasteful in a lean approach (Mason-Jones, Naylor and Towill, 2000). Agility is associated with higher flexibility and responsiveness to market changes (Aitken, Christopher and Towill, 2002) but as long as Ryanair is able to defend its concept of selling its service as a commodity, where flying is solely about transportation and highly valued by its customers, there might be no need for the company to incorporate aspects of agility into its lean operations processes.